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File: coreutils.info, Node: install invocation, Next: mv invocation, Prev: dd invocation, Up: Basic operations
11.3 'install': Copy files and set attributes
=============================================
'install' copies files while setting their file mode bits and, if
possible, their owner and group. Synopses:
install [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
install [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
install [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
install [OPTION]... -d DIRECTORY...
* If two file names are given, 'install' copies the first file to the
second.
* If the '--target-directory' ('-t') option is given, or failing that
if the last file is a directory and the '--no-target-directory'
('-T') option is not given, 'install' copies each SOURCE file to
the specified directory, using the SOURCEs' names.
* If the '--directory' ('-d') option is given, 'install' creates each
DIRECTORY and any missing parent directories. Parent directories
are created with mode 'u=rwx,go=rx' (755), regardless of the '-m'
option or the current umask. *Note Directory Setuid and Setgid::,
for how the set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits of parent directories
are inherited.
'install' is similar to 'cp', but allows you to control the
attributes of destination files. It is typically used in Makefiles to
copy programs into their destination directories. It refuses to copy
files onto themselves.
'install' never preserves extended attributes (xattr).
The program accepts the following options. Also see *note Common
options::.
'-b'
''--backup'[=METHOD]'
*Note Backup options::. Make a backup of each file that would
otherwise be overwritten or removed.
'-C'
'--compare'
Compare each pair of source and destination files, and if the
destination has identical content and any specified owner, group,
permissions, and possibly SELinux context, then do not modify the
destination at all. Note this option is best used in conjunction
with '--user', '--group' and '--mode' options, lest 'install'
incorrectly determines the default attributes that installed files
would have (as it doesn't consider setgid directories and POSIX
default ACLs for example). This could result in redundant copies
or attributes that are not reset to the correct defaults.
'-c'
Ignored; for compatibility with old Unix versions of 'install'.
'-D'
Create any missing parent directories of DEST, then copy SOURCE to
DEST. This option is ignored if a destination directory is
specified via '--target-directory=DIR'.
'-d'
'--directory'
Create any missing parent directories, giving them the default
attributes. Then create each given directory, setting their owner,
group and mode as given on the command line or to the defaults.
'-g GROUP'
'--group=GROUP'
Set the group ownership of installed files or directories to GROUP.
The default is the process's current group. GROUP may be either a
group name or a numeric group ID.
'-m MODE'
'--mode=MODE'
Set the file mode bits for the installed file or directory to MODE,
which can be either an octal number, or a symbolic mode as in
'chmod', with 'a=' (no access allowed to anyone) as the point of
departure (*note File permissions::). The default mode is
'u=rwx,go=rx,a-s'--read, write, and execute for the owner, read and
execute for group and other, and with set-user-ID and set-group-ID
disabled. This default is not quite the same as '755', since it
disables instead of preserving set-user-ID and set-group-ID on
directories. *Note Directory Setuid and Setgid::.
'-o OWNER'
'--owner=OWNER'
If 'install' has appropriate privileges (is run as root), set the
ownership of installed files or directories to OWNER. The default
is 'root'. OWNER may be either a user name or a numeric user ID.
'--preserve-context'
Preserve the SELinux security context of files and directories.
Failure to preserve the context in all of the files or directories
will result in an exit status of 1. If SELinux is disabled then
print a warning and ignore the option.
'-p'
'--preserve-timestamps'
Set the time of last access and the time of last modification of
each installed file to match those of each corresponding original
file. When a file is installed without this option, its last
access and last modification times are both set to the time of
installation. This option is useful if you want to use the last
modification times of installed files to keep track of when they
were last built as opposed to when they were last installed.
'-s'
'--strip'
Strip the symbol tables from installed binary executables.
'--strip-program=PROGRAM'
Program used to strip binaries.
'-S SUFFIX'
'--suffix=SUFFIX'
Append SUFFIX to each backup file made with '-b'. *Note Backup
options::.
'-t DIRECTORY'
''--target-directory'=DIRECTORY'
Specify the destination DIRECTORY. *Note Target directory::.
'-T'
'--no-target-directory'
Do not treat the last operand specially when it is a directory or a
symbolic link to a directory. *Note Target directory::.
'-v'
'--verbose'
Print the name of each file before copying it.
'-Z'
'--context[=CONTEXT]'
Without a specified CONTEXT, adjust the SELinux security context
according to the system default type for destination files,
similarly to the 'restorecon' command. The long form of this
option with a specific context specified, will set the context for
newly created files only. With a specified context, if SELinux is
disabled, a warning is issued. This option is mutually exclusive
with the '--preserve-context' option.
An exit status of zero indicates success, and a nonzero value
indicates failure.
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