On Apache
Under GNU General Public License
2024-04-19 07:06 @3.142.35.75 CrawledBy Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)
HTB(8) Linux HTB(8)
NAME
HTB - Hierarchy Token Bucket
SYNOPSIS
tc qdisc ... dev dev ( parent classid | root) [ handle major: ] htb [ default minor-id ]
tc class ... dev dev parent major:[minor] [ classid major:minor ] htb rate rate [ ceil
rate ] burst bytes [ cburst bytes ] [ prio priority ]
DESCRIPTION
HTB is meant as a more understandable and intuitive replacement for the CBQ qdisc in
Linux. Both CBQ and HTB help you to control the use of the outbound bandwidth on a given
link. Both allow you to use one physical link to simulate several slower links and to send
different kinds of traffic on different simulated links. In both cases, you have to spec-
ify how to divide the physical link into simulated links and how to decide which simulated
link to use for a given packet to be sent.
Unlike CBQ, HTB shapes traffic based on the Token Bucket Filter algorithm which does not
depend on interface characteristics and so does not need to know the underlying bandwidth
of the outgoing interface.
SHAPING ALGORITHM
Shaping works as documented in tc-tbf (8).
CLASSIFICATION
Within the one HTB instance many classes may exist. Each of these classes contains another
qdisc, by default tc-pfifo(8).
When enqueueing a packet, HTB starts at the root and uses various methods to determine
which class should receive the data.
In the absence of uncommon configuration options, the process is rather easy. At each
node we look for an instruction, and then go to the class the instruction refers us to. If
the class found is a barren leaf-node (without children), we enqueue the packet there. If
it is not yet a leaf node, we do the whole thing over again starting from that node.
The following actions are performed, in order at each node we visit, until one sends us to
another node, or terminates the process.
(i) Consult filters attached to the class. If sent to a leafnode, we are done. Other-
wise, restart.
(ii) If none of the above returned with an instruction, enqueue at this node.
This algorithm makes sure that a packet always ends up somewhere, even while you are busy
building your configuration.
LINK SHARING ALGORITHM
FIXME
QDISC
The root of a HTB qdisc class tree has the following parameters:
parent major:minor | root
This mandatory parameter determines the place of the HTB instance, either at the
root of an interface or within an existing class.
handle major:
Like all other qdiscs, the HTB can be assigned a handle. Should consist only of a
major number, followed by a colon. Optional, but very useful if classes will be
generated within this qdisc.
default minor-id
Unclassified traffic gets sent to the class with this minor-id.
CLASSES
Classes have a host of parameters to configure their operation.
parent major:minor
Place of this class within the hierarchy. If attached directly to a qdisc and not
to another class, minor can be omitted. Mandatory.
classid major:minor
Like qdiscs, classes can be named. The major number must be equal to the major num-
ber of the qdisc to which it belongs. Optional, but needed if this class is going
to have children.
prio priority
In the round-robin process, classes with the lowest priority field are tried for
packets first. Mandatory.
rate rate
Maximum rate this class and all its children are guaranteed. Mandatory.
ceil rate
Maximum rate at which a class can send, if its parent has bandwidth to spare.
Defaults to the configured rate, which implies no borrowing
burst bytes
Amount of bytes that can be burst at ceil speed, in excess of the configured rate.
Should be at least as high as the highest burst of all children.
cburst bytes
Amount of bytes that can be burst at 'infinite' speed, in other words, as fast as
the interface can transmit them. For perfect evening out, should be equal to at
most one average packet. Should be at least as high as the highest cburst of all
children.
NOTES
Due to Unix timing constraints, the maximum ceil rate is not infinite and may in fact be
quite low. On Intel, there are 100 timer events per second, the maximum rate is that rate
at which 'burst' bytes are sent each timer tick. From this, the minimum burst size for a
specified rate can be calculated. For i386, a 10mbit rate requires a 12 kilobyte burst as
100*12kb*8 equals 10mbit.
SEE ALSO
tc(8)
HTB website: http://luxik.cdi.cz/~devik/qos/htb/
AUTHOR
Martin Devera <devik AT cdi.cz>. This manpage maintained by bert hubert <ahu AT ds9a.nl>
iproute2 10 January 2002 HTB(8)
Generated by $Id: phpMan.php,v 4.55 2007/09/05 04:42:51 chedong Exp $ Author: Che Dong
On Apache
Under GNU General Public License
2024-04-19 07:06 @3.142.35.75 CrawledBy Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)