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SYSTEMD-RUN(1) systemd-run SYSTEMD-RUN(1)
NAME
systemd-run - Run programs in transient scope or service or timer units
SYNOPSIS
systemd-run [OPTIONS...] COMMAND [ARGS...]
systemd-run [OPTIONS...] [TIMER OPTIONS...] {COMMAND} [ARGS...]
DESCRIPTION
systemd-run may be used to create and start a transient .service or a transient .timer or
a .scope unit and run the specified COMMAND in it.
If a command is run as transient service unit, it will be started and managed by the
service manager like any other service, and thus show up in the output of systemctl
list-units like any other unit. It will run in a clean and detached execution environment.
systemd-run will start the service asynchronously in the background and immediately
return.
If a command is run with timer options, transient timer unit also be created with
transient service unit. But the transient timer unit is only started immediately. The
transient service unit will be started when the transient timer is elapsed. If --unit= is
specified with timer options, the COMMAND can be omitted. In this case, systemd-run
assumes service unit is already loaded and creates transient timer unit only. To
successfully create timer unit, already loaded service unit should be specified with
--unit=. This transient timer unit can activate the existing service unit like any other
timer.
If a command is run as transient scope unit, it will be started directly by systemd-run
and thus inherit the execution environment of the caller. It is however managed by the
service manager similar to normal services, and will also show up in the output of
systemctl list-units. Execution in this case is synchronous, and execution will return
only when the command finishes.
OPTIONS
The following options are understood:
--scope
Create a transient .scope unit instead of the default transient .service unit.
--unit=
Use this unit name instead of an automatically generated one.
--property=, -p
Sets a unit property for the scope or service unit that is created. This takes an
assignment in the same format as systemctl(1)'s set-property command.
--description=
Provide a description for the service or scope unit. If not specified, the command
itself will be used as a description. See Description= in systemd.unit(5).
--slice=
Make the new .service or .scope unit part of the specified slice, instead of the
system.slice.
--remain-after-exit
After the service or scope process has terminated, keep the service around until it is
explicitly stopped. This is useful to collect runtime information about the service
after it finished running. Also see RemainAfterExit= in systemd.service(5).
--send-sighup
When terminating the scope or service unit, send a SIGHUP immediately after SIGTERM.
This is useful to indicate to shells and shell-like processes that the connection has
been severed. Also see SendSIGHUP= in systemd.kill(5).
--service-type=
Sets the service type. Also see Type= in systemd.service(5). This option has no effect
in conjunction with --scope. Defaults to simple.
--uid=, --gid=
Runs the service process under the UNIX user and group. Also see User= and Group= in
systemd.exec(5).
--nice=
Runs the service process with the specified nice level. Also see Nice= in
systemd.exec(5).
--setenv=
Runs the service process with the specified environment variables set. Also see
Environment= in systemd.exec(5).
--pty, -t
When invoking a command as service connects its standard input and output to the
invoking tty via a pseudo TTY device. This allows invoking binaries as services that
expect interactive user input, such as interactive command shells.
--quiet, -q
Suppresses additional informational output while running. This is particularly useful
in combination with --pty when it will suppress the initial message explaining how to
terminate the TTY connection.
--on-active=, --on-boot=, --on-startup=, --on-unit-active=, --on-unit-inactive=
Defines monotonic timers relative to different starting points. Also see OnActiveSec=,
OnBootSec=, OnStartupSec=, OnUnitActiveSec= and OnUnitInactiveSec= in
systemd.timer(5). This options have no effect in conjunction with --scope.
--on-calendar=
Defines realtime (i.e. wallclock) timers with calendar event expressions. Also see
OnCalendar= in systemd.timer(5). This option has no effect in conjunction with
--scope.
--timer-property=
Sets a timer unit property for the timer unit that is created. It is similar with
--property but only for created timer unit. This option only has effect in conjunction
with --on-active=, --on-boot=, --on-startup=, --on-unit-active=, --on-unit-inactive=,
--on-calendar=. This takes an assignment in the same format as systemctl(1)'s
set-property command.
-G, --collect
Unload the transient unit after it completed, even if it failed. Normally, without
this option, all units that ran and failed are kept in memory until the user
explicitly resets their failure state with systemctl reset-failed or an equivalent
command. On the other hand, units that ran successfully are unloaded immediately. If
this option is turned on the "garbage collection" of units is more aggressive, and
unloads units regardless if they exited successfully or failed. This option is a
shortcut for --property=CollectMode=inactive-or-failed, see the explanation for
CollectMode= in systemd.unit(5) for further information.
--system
Talk to the service manager of the system. This is the implied default.
-H, --host=
Execute the operation remotely. Specify a hostname, or a username and hostname
separated by "@", to connect to. The hostname may optionally be suffixed by a
container name, separated by ":", which connects directly to a specific container on
the specified host. This will use SSH to talk to the remote machine manager instance.
Container names may be enumerated with machinectl -H HOST.
-M, --machine=
Execute operation on a local container. Specify a container name to connect to.
-h, --help
Print a short help text and exit.
--version
Print a short version string and exit.
All command line arguments after the first non-option argument become part of the command
line of the launched process. If a command is run as service unit, its first argument
needs to be an absolute binary path.
EXIT STATUS
On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure code otherwise.
EXAMPLES
The following command will log the environment variables provided by systemd to services:
# systemd-run env
Running as unit run-19945.service.
# journalctl -u run-19945.service
Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis systemd[1]: Starting /usr/bin/env...
Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis systemd[1]: Started /usr/bin/env.
Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis env[19948]: PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis env[19948]: LANG=en_US.UTF-8
Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis env[19948]: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-3.11.0-0.rc5.git6.2.fc20.x86_64
The following command invokes the updatedb(8) tool, but lowers the block IO weight for it
to 10. See systemd.resource-control(5) for more information on the BlockIOWeight=
property.
# systemd-run -p BlockIOWeight=10 updatedb
The following command will touch a file after 30 seconds.
# date; systemd-run --on-active=30 --timer-property=AccuracySec=100ms /bin/touch /tmp/foo
Mon Dec 8 20:44:24 KST 2014
Running as unit run-71.timer.
Will run as unit run-71.service.
# journalctl -b -u run-73.timer
-- Logs begin at Fri 2014-12-05 19:09:21 KST, end at Mon 2014-12-08 20:44:54 KST. --
Dec 08 20:44:38 container systemd[1]: Starting /bin/touch /tmp/foo.
Dec 08 20:44:38 container systemd[1]: Started /bin/touch /tmp/foo.
# journalctl -b -u run-73.service
-- Logs begin at Fri 2014-12-05 19:09:21 KST, end at Mon 2014-12-08 20:44:54 KST. --
Dec 08 20:44:48 container systemd[1]: Starting /bin/touch /tmp/foo...
Dec 08 20:44:48 container systemd[1]: Started /bin/touch /tmp/foo.
The following command invokes /bin/bash as a service passing its standard input, output
and error to the calling TTY.
# systemd-run -t /bin/bash
SEE ALSO
systemd(1), systemctl(1), systemd.unit(5), systemd.service(5), systemd.scope(5),
systemd.slice(5), systemd.exec(5), systemd.resource-control(5), systemd.timer(5),
machinectl(1)
systemd 219 SYSTEMD-RUN(1)
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