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SWAPON(8) System Administration SWAPON(8)
NAME
swapon, swapoff - enable/disable devices and files for paging and swapping
SYNOPSIS
swapon [options] [specialfile...]
swapoff [-va] [specialfile...]
DESCRIPTION
swapon is used to specify devices on which paging and swapping are to take place.
The device or file used is given by the specialfile parameter. It may be of the form -L
label or -U uuid to indicate a device by label or uuid.
Calls to swapon normally occur in the system boot scripts making all swap devices avail-
able, so that the paging and swapping activity is interleaved across several devices and
files.
swapoff disables swapping on the specified devices and files. When the -a flag is given,
swapping is disabled on all known swap devices and files (as found in /proc/swaps or
/etc/fstab).
OPTIONS
-a, --all
All devices marked as ``swap'' in /etc/fstab are made available, except for those
with the ``noauto'' option. Devices that are already being used as swap are
silently skipped.
-d, --discard[=policy]
Enable swap discards, if the swap backing device supports the discard or trim oper-
ation. This may improve performance on some Solid State Devices, but often it does
not. The option allows one to select between two available swap discard policies:
--discard=once to perform a single-time discard operation for the whole swap area
at swapon; or --discard=pages to asynchronously discard freed swap pages before
they are available for reuse. If no policy is selected, the default behavior is to
enable both discard types. The /etc/fstab mount options discard, discard=once, or
discard=pages may also be used to enable discard flags.
-e, --ifexists
Silently skip devices that do not exist. The /etc/fstab mount option nofail may
also be used to skip non-existing device.
-f, --fixpgsz
Reinitialize (exec mkswap) the swap space if its page size does not match that of
the current running kernel. mkswap(2) initializes the whole device and does not
check for bad blocks.
-h, --help
Display help text and exit.
-L label
Use the partition that has the specified label. (For this, access to /proc/parti-
tions is needed.)
-p, --priority priority
Specify the priority of the swap device. priority is a value between -1 and 32767.
Higher numbers indicate higher priority. See swapon(2) for a full description of
swap priorities. Add pri=value to the option field of /etc/fstab for use with
swapon -a. When no priority is defined, it defaults to -1.
-s, --summary
Display swap usage summary by device. Equivalent to "cat /proc/swaps". This out-
put format is DEPRECATED in favour of --show that provides better control on output
data.
--show[=column...]
Display a definable table of swap areas. See the --help output for a list of
available columns.
--output-all
Output all available columns.
--noheadings
Do not print headings when displaying --show output.
--raw Display --show output without aligning table columns.
--bytes
Display swap size in bytes in --show output instead of in user-friendly units.
-U uuid
Use the partition that has the specified uuid.
-v, --verbose
Be verbose.
-V, --version
Display version information and exit.
NOTES
Files with holes
The swap file implementation in the kernel expects to be able to write to the file
directly, without the assistance of the filesystem. This is a problem on files with holes
or on copy-on-write files on filesystems like Btrfs.
Commands like cp(1) or truncate(1) create files with holes. These files will be rejected
by swapon.
Preallocated files created by fallocate(1) may be interpreted as files with holes too
depending of the filesystem. Preallocated swap files are supported on XFS since Linux
4.18.
The most portable solution to create a swap file is to use dd(1) and /dev/zero.
Btrfs
Swap files on Btrfs are supported since Linux 5.0 on files with nocow attribute. See the
btrfs(5) manual page for more details.
NFS
Swap over NFS may not work.
Suspend
swapon automatically detects and rewrites a swap space signature with old software suspend
data (e.g. S1SUSPEND, S2SUSPEND, ...). The problem is that if we don't do it, then we get
data corruption the next time an attempt at unsuspending is made.
ENVIRONMENT
LIBMOUNT_DEBUG=all
enables libmount debug output.
LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all
enables libblkid debug output.
SEE ALSO
swapoff(2), swapon(2), fstab(5), init(8), fallocate(1), mkswap(8), mount(8), rc(8)
FILES
/dev/sd?? standard paging devices
/etc/fstab ascii filesystem description table
HISTORY
The swapon command appeared in 4.0BSD.
AVAILABILITY
The swapon command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.
util-linux October 2014 SWAPON(8)
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