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spinbox(n) Tk Built-In Commands spinbox(n)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
NAME
spinbox - Create and manipulate spinbox widgets
SYNOPSIS
spinbox pathName ?options?
STANDARD OPTIONS
-activebackground -highlightthickness -repeatinterval
-background -insertbackground -selectbackground
-borderwidth -insertborderwidth -selectborderwidth
-cursor -insertontime -selectforeground
-exportselection -insertwidth -takefocus
-font -insertofftime -textvariable
-foreground -justify -xscrollcommand
-highlightbackground -relief
-highlightcolor -repeatdelay
See the options manual entry for details on the standard options.
WIDGET-SPECIFIC OPTIONS
[-buttonbackground buttonBackground] The background color to be used for the spin buttons.
[-buttoncursor buttonCursor] The cursor to be used when over the spin buttons. If this is
empty (the default), a default cursor will be used. [-buttondownrelief buttonDownRelief]
The relief to be used for the upper spin button. [-buttonuprelief buttonUpRelief] The
relief to be used for the lower spin button. [-command command] Specifies a Tcl command
to invoke whenever a spinbutton is invoked. The command recognizes several percent sub-
stitutions: %W for the widget path, %s for the current value of the widget, and %d for the
direction of the button pressed (up or down). [-disabledbackground disabledBackground]
Specifies the background color to use when the spinbox is disabled. If this option is the
empty string, the normal background color is used. [-disabledforeground disabledFore-
ground] Specifies the foreground color to use when the spinbox is disabled. If this
option is the empty string, the normal foreground color is used. [-format format] Speci-
fies an alternate format to use when setting the string value when using the -from and -to
range. This must be a format specifier of the form %<pad>.<pad>f, as it will format a
floating-point number. [-from from] A floating-point value corresponding to the lowest
value for a spinbox, to be used in conjunction with -to and -increment. When all are
specified correctly, the spinbox will use these values to control its contents. This
value must be less than the -to option. If -values is specified, it supercedes this
option. [-invalidcommand or -invcmd invalidCommand] Specifies a script to eval when vali-
dateCommand returns 0. Setting it to an empty string disables this feature (the default).
The best use of this option is to set it to bell. See Validation below for more informa-
tion. [-increment increment] A floating-point value specifying the increment. When used
with -from and -to, the value in the widget will be adjusted by -increment when a spin
button is pressed (up adds the value, down subtracts the value). [-readonlyback-
ground readonlyBackground] Specifies the background color to use when the spinbox is read-
only. If this option is the empty string, the normal background color is used.
[-state state] Specifies one of three states for the spinbox: normal, disabled, or read-
only. If the spinbox is readonly, then the value may not be changed using widget commands
and no insertion cursor will be displayed, even if the input focus is in the widget; the
contents of the widget may still be selected. If the spinbox is disabled, the value may
not be changed, no insertion cursor will be displayed, the contents will not be
selectable, and the spinbox may be displayed in a different color, depending on the values
of the -disabledforeground and -disabledbackground options. [-to to] A floating-point
value corresponding to the highest value for the spinbox, to be used in conjunction with
-from and -increment. When all are specified correctly, the spinbox will use these values
to control its contents. This value must be greater than the -from option. If -values is
specified, it supercedes this option. [-validate validate] Specifies the mode in which
validation should operate: none, focus, focusin, focusout, key, or all. It defaults to
none. When you want validation, you must explicitly state which mode you wish to use.
See Validation below for more. [-validatecommand or -vcmd validateCommand] Specifies a
script to evaluate when you want to validate the input in the widget. Setting it to an
empty string disables this feature (the default). Validation occurs according to the
value of -validate. This command must return a valid Tcl boolean value. If it returns 0
(or the valid Tcl boolean equivalent) then the value of the widget will not change and the
invalidCommand will be evaluated if it is set. If it returns 1, then value will be
changed. See Validation below for more information. [-values values] Must be a proper
list value. If specified, the spinbox will use these values as to control its contents,
starting with the first value. This option has precedence over the -from and -to range.
[-width width] Specifies an integer value indicating the desired width of the spinbox win-
dow, in average-size characters of the widget's font. If the value is less than or equal
to zero, the widget picks a size just large enough to hold its current text. [-wrap wrap]
Must be a proper boolean value. If on, the spinbox will wrap around the values of data in
the widget.
_________________________________________________________________
DESCRIPTION
The spinbox command creates a new window (given by the pathName argument) and makes it
into a spinbox widget. Additional options, described above, may be specified on the com-
mand line or in the option database to configure aspects of the spinbox such as its col-
ors, font, and relief. The spinbox command returns its pathName argument. At the time
this command is invoked, there must not exist a window named pathName, but pathName's par-
ent must exist.
A spinbox is an extended entry widget that allows he user to move, or spin, through a
fixed set of ascending or descending values such as times or dates in addition to editing
the value as in an entry. When first created, a spinbox's string is empty. A portion of
the spinbox may be selected as described below. If a spinbox is exporting its selection
(see the exportSelection option), then it will observe the standard protocols for handling
the selection; spinbox selections are available as type STRING. Spinboxes also observe
the standard Tk rules for dealing with the input focus. When a spinbox has the input
focus it displays an insertion cursor to indicate where new characters will be inserted.
Spinboxes are capable of displaying strings that are too long to fit entirely within the
widget's window. In this case, only a portion of the string will be displayed; commands
described below may be used to change the view in the window. Spinboxes use the standard
xScrollCommand mechanism for interacting with scrollbars (see the description of the
xScrollCommand option for details). They also support scanning, as described below.
VALIDATION
Validation works by setting the validateCommand option to a script which will be evaluated
according to the validate option as follows:
none Default. This means no validation will occur.
focus validateCommand will be called when the spinbox receives or loses focus.
focusin validateCommand will be called when the spinbox receives focus.
focusout validateCommand will be called when the spinbox loses focus.
key validateCommand will be called when the spinbox is edited.
all validateCommand will be called for all above conditions.
It is possible to perform percent substitutions on the validateCommand and invalidCommand,
just as you would in a bind script. The following substitutions are recognized:
%d Type of action: 1 for insert, 0 for delete, or -1 for focus, forced or textvariable
validation.
%i Index of char string to be inserted/deleted, if any, otherwise -1.
%P The value of the spinbox should edition occur. If you are configuring the spinbox
widget to have a new textvariable, this will be the value of that textvariable.
%s The current value of spinbox before edition.
%S The text string being inserted/deleted, if any. Otherwise it is an empty string.
%v The type of validation currently set.
%V The type of validation that triggered the callback (key, focusin, focusout, forced).
%W The name of the spinbox widget.
In general, the textVariable and validateCommand can be dangerous to mix. Any problems
have been overcome so that using the validateCommand will not interfere with the tradi-
tional behavior of the spinbox widget. Using the textVariable for read-only purposes will
never cause problems. The danger comes when you try set the textVariable to something
that the validateCommand would not accept, which causes validate to become none (the
invalidCommand will not be triggered). The same happens when an error occurs evaluating
the validateCommand.
Primarily, an error will occur when the validateCommand or invalidCommand encounters an
error in its script while evaluating or validateCommand does not return a valid Tcl bool-
ean value. The validate option will also set itself to none when you edit the spinbox
widget from within either the validateCommand or the invalidCommand. Such editions will
override the one that was being validated. If you wish to edit the value of the widget
during validation and still have the validate option set, you should include the command
%W config -validate %v
in the validateCommand or invalidCommand (whichever one you were editing the spinbox wid-
get from). It is also recommended to not set an associated textVariable during valida-
tion, as that can cause the spinbox widget to become out of sync with the textVariable.
WIDGET COMMAND
The spinbox command creates a new Tcl command whose name is pathName. This command may be
used to invoke various operations on the widget. It has the following general form:
pathName option ?arg arg ...?
Option and the args determine the exact behavior of the command.
INDICES
Many of the widget commands for spinboxes take one or more indices as arguments. An index
specifies a particular character in the spinbox's string, in any of the following ways:
number Specifies the character as a numerical index, where 0 corresponds to the first
character in the string.
anchor Indicates the anchor point for the selection, which is set with the select
from and select adjust widget commands.
end Indicates the character just after the last one in the spinbox's string. This
is equivalent to specifying a numerical index equal to the length of the spin-
box's string.
insert Indicates the character adjacent to and immediately following the insertion
cursor.
sel.first Indicates the first character in the selection. It is an error to use this
form if the selection is not in the spinbox window.
sel.last Indicates the character just after the last one in the selection. It is an
error to use this form if the selection is not in the spinbox window.
@number In this form, number is treated as an x-coordinate in the spinbox's window;
the character spanning that x-coordinate is used. For example, "@0" indicates
the left-most character in the window.
Abbreviations may be used for any of the forms above, e.g. "e" or "sel.f". In general,
out-of-range indices are automatically rounded to the nearest legal value.
SUBCOMMANDS
The following commands are possible for spinbox widgets:
pathName bbox index
Returns a list of four numbers describing the bounding box of the character given
by index. The first two elements of the list give the x and y coordinates of the
upper-left corner of the screen area covered by the character (in pixels relative
to the widget) and the last two elements give the width and height of the charac-
ter, in pixels. The bounding box may refer to a region outside the visible area of
the window.
pathName cget option
Returns the current value of the configuration option given by option. Option may
have any of the values accepted by the spinbox command.
pathName configure ?option? ?value option value ...?
Query or modify the configuration options of the widget. If no option is speci-
fied, returns a list describing all of the available options for pathName (see
Tk_ConfigureInfo for information on the format of this list). If option is speci-
fied with no value, then the command returns a list describing the one named option
(this list will be identical to the corresponding sublist of the value returned if
no option is specified). If one or more option-value pairs are specified, then the
command modifies the given widget option(s) to have the given value(s); in this
case the command returns an empty string. Option may have any of the values
accepted by the spinbox command.
pathName delete first ?last?
Delete one or more elements of the spinbox. First is the index of the first char-
acter to delete, and last is the index of the character just after the last one to
delete. If last is not specified it defaults to first+1, i.e. a single character
is deleted. This command returns an empty string.
pathName get
Returns the spinbox's string.
pathName icursor index
Arrange for the insertion cursor to be displayed just before the character given by
index. Returns an empty string.
pathName identify x y
Returns the name of the window element corresponding to coordinates x and y in the
spinbox. Return value is one of: none, buttondown, buttonup, entry.
pathName index index
Returns the numerical index corresponding to index.
pathName insert index string
Insert the characters of string just before the character indicated by index.
Returns an empty string.
pathName invoke element
Causes the specified element, either buttondown or buttonup, to be invoked, trig-
gering the action associated with it.
pathName scan option args
This command is used to implement scanning on spinboxes. It has two forms, depend-
ing on option:
pathName scan mark x
Records x and the current view in the spinbox window; used in conjunction
with later scan dragto commands. Typically this command is associated with
a mouse button press in the widget. It returns an empty string.
pathName scan dragto x
This command computes the difference between its x argument and the x argu-
ment to the last scan mark command for the widget. It then adjusts the view
left or right by 10 times the difference in x-coordinates. This command is
typically associated with mouse motion events in the widget, to produce the
effect of dragging the spinbox at high speed through the window. The return
value is an empty string.
pathName selection option arg
This command is used to adjust the selection within a spinbox. It has several
forms, depending on option:
pathName selection adjust index
Locate the end of the selection nearest to the character given by index, and
adjust that end of the selection to be at index (i.e. including but not
going beyond index). The other end of the selection is made the anchor
point for future select to commands. If the selection is not currently in
the spinbox, then a new selection is created to include the characters
between index and the most recent selection anchor point, inclusive.
Returns an empty string.
pathName selection clear
Clear the selection if it is currently in this widget. If the selection is
not in this widget then the command has no effect. Returns an empty string.
pathName selection element ?element?
Sets or gets the currently selected element. If a spinbutton element is
specified, it will be displayed depressed.
pathName selection from index
Set the selection anchor point to just before the character given by index.
Does not change the selection. Returns an empty string.
pathName selection present
Returns 1 if there is are characters selected in the spinbox, 0 if nothing
is selected.
pathName selection range start end
Sets the selection to include the characters starting with the one indexed
by start and ending with the one just before end. If end refers to the same
character as start or an earlier one, then the spinbox's selection is
cleared.
pathName selection to index
If index is before the anchor point, set the selection to the characters
from index up to but not including the anchor point. If index is the same
as the anchor point, do nothing. If index is after the anchor point, set
the selection to the characters from the anchor point up to but not includ-
ing index. The anchor point is determined by the most recent select from or
select adjust command in this widget. If the selection is not in this wid-
get then a new selection is created using the most recent anchor point spec-
ified for the widget. Returns an empty string.
pathName set ?string?
If string is specified, the spinbox will try and set it to this value, otherwise it
just returns the spinbox's string. If validation is on, it will occur when setting
the string.
pathName validate
This command is used to force an evaluation of the validateCommand independent of
the conditions specified by the validate option. This is done by temporarily set-
ting the validate option to all. It returns 0 or 1.
pathName xview args
This command is used to query and change the horizontal position of the text in the
widget's window. It can take any of the following forms:
pathName xview
Returns a list containing two elements. Each element is a real fraction
between 0 and 1; together they describe the horizontal span that is visible
in the window. For example, if the first element is .2 and the second ele-
ment is .6, 20% of the spinbox's text is off-screen to the left, the middle
40% is visible in the window, and 40% of the text is off-screen to the
right. These are the same values passed to scrollbars via the -xscrollcom-
mand option.
pathName xview index
Adjusts the view in the window so that the character given by index is dis-
played at the left edge of the window.
pathName xview moveto fraction
Adjusts the view in the window so that the character fraction of the way
through the text appears at the left edge of the window. Fraction must be a
fraction between 0 and 1.
pathName xview scroll number what
This command shifts the view in the window left or right according to number
and what. Number must be an integer. What must be either units or pages or
an abbreviation of one of these. If what is units, the view adjusts left or
right by number average-width characters on the display; if it is pages
then the view adjusts by number screenfuls. If number is negative then
characters farther to the left become visible; if it is positive then char-
acters farther to the right become visible.
DEFAULT BINDINGS
Tk automatically creates class bindings for spinboxes that give them the following default
behavior. In the descriptions below, "word" refers to a contiguous group of letters, dig-
its, or "_" characters, or any single character other than these.
[1] Clicking mouse button 1 positions the insertion cursor just before the character
underneath the mouse cursor, sets the input focus to this widget, and clears any
selection in the widget. Dragging with mouse button 1 strokes out a selection
between the insertion cursor and the character under the mouse.
[2] Double-clicking with mouse button 1 selects the word under the mouse and positions
the insertion cursor at the beginning of the word. Dragging after a double click
will stroke out a selection consisting of whole words.
[3] Triple-clicking with mouse button 1 selects all of the text in the spinbox and
positions the insertion cursor before the first character.
[4] The ends of the selection can be adjusted by dragging with mouse button 1 while the
Shift key is down; this will adjust the end of the selection that was nearest to
the mouse cursor when button 1 was pressed. If the button is double-clicked before
dragging then the selection will be adjusted in units of whole words.
[5] Clicking mouse button 1 with the Control key down will position the insertion cur-
sor in the spinbox without affecting the selection.
[6] If any normal printing characters are typed in a spinbox, they are inserted at the
point of the insertion cursor.
[7] The view in the spinbox can be adjusted by dragging with mouse button 2. If mouse
button 2 is clicked without moving the mouse, the selection is copied into the
spinbox at the position of the mouse cursor.
[8] If the mouse is dragged out of the spinbox on the left or right sides while button
1 is pressed, the spinbox will automatically scroll to make more text visible (if
there is more text off-screen on the side where the mouse left the window).
[9] The Left and Right keys move the insertion cursor one character to the left or
right; they also clear any selection in the spinbox and set the selection anchor.
If Left or Right is typed with the Shift key down, then the insertion cursor moves
and the selection is extended to include the new character. Control-Left and Con-
trol-Right move the insertion cursor by words, and Control-Shift-Left and Control-
Shift-Right move the insertion cursor by words and also extend the selection. Con-
trol-b and Control-f behave the same as Left and Right, respectively. Meta-b and
Meta-f behave the same as Control-Left and Control-Right, respectively.
[10] The Home key, or Control-a, will move the insertion cursor to the beginning of the
spinbox and clear any selection in the spinbox. Shift-Home moves the insertion
cursor to the beginning of the spinbox and also extends the selection to that
point.
[11] The End key, or Control-e, will move the insertion cursor to the end of the spinbox
and clear any selection in the spinbox. Shift-End moves the cursor to the end and
extends the selection to that point.
[12] The Select key and Control-Space set the selection anchor to the position of the
insertion cursor. They do not affect the current selection. Shift-Select and Con-
trol-Shift-Space adjust the selection to the current position of the insertion cur-
sor, selecting from the anchor to the insertion cursor if there was not any selec-
tion previously.
[13] Control-/ selects all the text in the spinbox.
[14] Control-\ clears any selection in the spinbox.
[15] The F16 key (labelled Copy on many Sun workstations) or Meta-w copies the selection
in the widget to the clipboard, if there is a selection.
[16] The F20 key (labelled Cut on many Sun workstations) or Control-w copies the selec-
tion in the widget to the clipboard and deletes the selection. If there is no
selection in the widget then these keys have no effect.
[17] The F18 key (labelled Paste on many Sun workstations) or Control-y inserts the con-
tents of the clipboard at the position of the insertion cursor.
[18] The Delete key deletes the selection, if there is one in the spinbox. If there is
no selection, it deletes the character to the right of the insertion cursor.
[19] The BackSpace key and Control-h delete the selection, if there is one in the spin-
box. If there is no selection, it deletes the character to the left of the inser-
tion cursor.
[20] Control-d deletes the character to the right of the insertion cursor.
[21] Meta-d deletes the word to the right of the insertion cursor.
[22] Control-k deletes all the characters to the right of the insertion cursor.
[23] Control-t reverses the order of the two characters to the right of the insertion
cursor.
If the spinbox is disabled using the -state option, then the spinbox's view can still be
adjusted and text in the spinbox can still be selected, but no insertion cursor will be
displayed and no text modifications will take place.
The behavior of spinboxes can be changed by defining new bindings for individual widgets
or by redefining the class bindings.
KEYWORDS
spinbox, entry, widget
Tk 8.4 spinbox(n)
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