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SG_SES(8) SG3_UTILS SG_SES(8)
NAME
sg_ses - access a SCSI Enclosure Services (SES) device
SYNOPSIS
sg_ses [--byte1=B1] [--clear=STR] [--control] [--data=H,H...] [--descriptor=DN] [--enumer-
ate] [--filter] [--get=STR] [--help] [--hex] [--index=IIA | --index=TIA,II] [--inner-hex]
[--join] [--list] [--nickname=SEN] [--nickid=SEID] [--page=PG] [--raw] [--set=STR]
[--status] [--verbose] [--version] DEVICE
DESCRIPTION
Fetches management information from a SCSI Enclosure Service (SES) device. This utility
can also modify the state of a SES device. The DEVICE should be a SES device which may be
a dedicated enclosure services processor in which case an INQUIRY response's Peripheral
Device Type is 13 [0xd]. Alternatively it may be attached to another type of SCSI device
(e.g. a disk) in which case the EncServ bit is set in its INQUIRY response.
If no options are given (i.e. only the DEVICE argument is given) then the names of all
diagnostic pages supported are listed. Most, but not necessarily all, of the named diag-
nostic pages are defined in the SES standards and drafts. The most recent reference for
this utility is the draft SCSI Enclosure Services 3 document T10/2149-D Revision 6 at
http://www.t10.org . Existing standards for SES and SES-2 are ANSI INCITS 305-1998 and
ANSI INCITS 448-2008 respectively.
Changing the state of an enclosure (e.g. requesting the "ident" (locate) LED to flash on a
disk carrier in an array) is typically done using a read-modify-write cycle. See the sec-
tion on CHANGING STATE below.
There is a web page discussing this utility at http://sg.danny.cz/sg/sg_ses.html .
In the following sections "page" refers to a diagnostic page, either fetched with a SCSI
RECEIVE DIAGNOSTIC RESULTS command or sent to the DEVICE with a SCSI SEND DIAGNOSTIC com-
mand.
OPTIONS
Arguments to long options are mandatory for short options as well. The options are
arranged in alphabetical order based on the long option name.
-b, --byte1=B1
some modifiable pages may need byte 1 (i.e. the second byte) set. In the Enclosure
Control page, byte 1 contains the INFO, NON-CRIT, CRIT and UNRECOV bits. In the
Subenclosure String Out, Subenclosure Nickname Control and Download Microcode Con-
trol pages, byte 1 is the Subenclosure identifier. Active when the --control and
--data=H,H... options are used and the default value is 0. If the --clear=STR or
--set=STR option is used then the value read from byte 1 is written back to byte 1.
B1 is in decimal unless it is prefixed by '0x' or '0X' (or has a trailing 'h' or
'H').
-C, --clear=STR
Used to clear an element field in the Enclosure Control or Threshold Out page. Must
be used together with a --descriptor=DN or --index=... option to specify which ele-
ment is to be changed. The Enclosure Control page is assumed if the --page=PG
option is not given. See the STR FORMAT section below.
-c, --control
will send control information to the DEVICE via a SCSI SEND DIAGNOSTIC command.
Cannot give both this option and --status. The Enclosure Control, String Out,
Threshold Out, Array Control (obsolete in SES-2), Subenclosure String Out, Suben-
closure Nickname Control and Download Microcode pages can be set currently. This
option is assumed if either the --clear=STR or --set=STR option is given.
-d, --data=H,H...
permits a string of comma separated (ASCII) hex bytes to be specified (limit 1024).
A (single) space separated string of hex bytes is also allowed but the list needs
to be in quotes. This option allows the parameters to a control page to be speci-
fied. The string given should not include the first 4 bytes (i.e. page code and
length).
-d, --data=-
reads a data string from stdin, limit 1024 bytes. stdin may provide ASCII hex as a
comma separated list (i.e. as with the --data=H,H... option). Additionally spa-
ces, tabs and line feeds are permitted as separators from stdin . Stops reading
stdin when an EOF is detected.
-D, --descriptor=DN
where DN is a descriptor name (string) as found in the Element Descriptor page. If
that page is supported then DN may be an alternative for TIA,II (in the
--index=TIA,II option). If the descriptor name contains a space then DN needs to be
surrounded by quotes (single or double) or the space escaped (e.g. preceded by a
backslash). Some elements (e.g. overall elements) may not have descriptor names.
Useful with the --clear=STR, --get=STR and --set=STR options. If no other options
are given then the --join option is assumed.
-e, --enumerate
enumerate all known page names and SES elements when this option is given once. If
--enumerate is given twice, then the recognised acronyms for the --clear=STR,
--get=STR and --set=STR options are listed. The utility exits after listing this
information (so most other options and DEVICE are ignored).
-f, --filter
cuts down on the amount of output from the Enclosure Status page and the Additional
Element Status page. When this option is given, any line which has all its binary
flags cleared (i.e. 0) is filtered out (i.e. ignored). If a line has some other
value on it (e.g. a temperature) then it is output. The --filter option is also
useful for reducing the amount of output generated by the --join option.
-G, --get=STR
Used to read a field in a status element. Must be used together with a --descrip-
tor=DN or --index=... option to specify which element is to be read. By default the
Enclosure Status page is read, the only other pages that can be read are the
Threshold In and Additional Element Status pages. If a value is found it is output
in decimal to stdout (by default) or in hexadecimal preceded by "0x" if the --hex
option is also given. See the STR FORMAT section below.
-h, --help
output the usage message then exit.
-H, --hex
If the --get=STR option is given then output the value found (if any) in hexadeci-
mal, with a leading "0x". Otherwise output the response in hexadecimal. Ignored
with some options (e.g. --join).
-I, --index=IIA
where IIA is either an individual index (II) or an Element type abbreviation (A).
See the INDEXES section below. If the --page=PG option is not given then the Enclo-
sure Status (or Control) page is assumed. May be used with the --join option or
one of the --clear=STR, --get=STR or --set=STR options. To enumerate the available
Element type abbreviations use the --enumerate option.
-I, --index=TIA,II
where TIA,II is an type header index (TI) or Element type abbreviation (A) followed
by an individual index (II). See the INDEXES section below. If the --page=PG option
is not given then the Enclosure Status (or Control) page is assumed. May be used
with the --join option or one of the --clear=STR, --get=STR or --set=STR options.
To enumerate the available Element type abbreviations use the --enumerate option.
-i, --inner-hex
the outer levels of a status page are decoded and printed out but the innermost
level (e.g. the Element Status Descriptor) is output in hex. Also active with the
Additional Element Status and Threshold In pages. Can be used with --index=...
and/or --join options.
-j, --join
group elements from the Element Descriptor, Enclosure Status and Additional Element
Status pages. If this option is given twice then elements from the Threshold In
page are also grouped. The order is dictated by the Configuration page. All ele-
ments are output unless the --index= or --descriptor=DN option is given, in which
case only the matching element is output. The --filter option can be added to
reduce the amount of output generated by the option. See the INDEXES section below.
-l, --list
This option is equivalent to --enumerate. See that option.
-n, --nickname=SEN
where SEN is the new Subenclosure Nickname. Only the first 32 characters (bytes) of
SEN are used, if more are given they are ignored. See the SETTING SUBENCLOSURE
NICKNAME section below.
-N, --nickid=SEID
where SEID is the Subenclosure identifier that the new Nickname (SEN) will be
applied to. The default value is 0 which is the main enclosure.
-p, --page=PG
where PG is a page abbreviation or code (a number). If PG starts with a digit it is
assumed to be in decimal unless prefixed by 0x for hex. Valid range is 0 to 255
(0x0 to 0xff) inclusive. Default is page 'sdp' which is page_code 0 (i.e. "Sup-
ported Diagnostic Pages") if no other options are given.
-r, --raw
outputs the chosen status page in ASCII hex in a format suitable for a later invo-
cation using the --data= option. A page less its first 4 bytes (page code and
length) is output. When used twice (e.g. -rr) the full page contents is output in
binary to stdout.
-S, --set=STR
Used to set an element field in the Enclosure Control or Threshold Out page. Must
be used together with a --descriptor=DN or --index=... option to specify which ele-
ment is to be changed. The Enclosure Control page is assumed if the --page=PG
option is not given. See the STR FORMAT section below.
-s, --status
will fetch page from the DEVICE via a SCSI RECEIVE DIAGNOSTIC RESULTS command. In
the absence of other options that imply modifying a page (e.g. --control or
--set=STR) then --status is assumed.
-v, --verbose
increase the level of verbosity, (i.e. debug output).
-V, --version
print the version string and then exit.
INDEXES
An enclosure can have information about its disk and tape drives plus other supporting
components like power supplies spread across several pages. Addressing a specific element
(overall or individual) is complicated.
The Configuration page is key: it contains a list of "type headers", each of which con-
tains an Element type (e.g. Array Device Slot), a Subenclosure identifier (0 for the pri-
mary enclosure) and a "Number of possible elements". Corresponding to each type header,
the Enclosure Status page has one "overall" element plus "Number of possible elements"
individual elements all of which have the given Element type. For some Element types the
"Number of possible elements" will be 0 so the Enclosure Status page has only one "over-
all" element corresponding to that type header. The Element Descriptor page and the
Threshold (In and Out) pages follow the same pattern as the Enclosure Status page.
The Additional Element Status page is a bit more complicated. It has entries for "Number
of possible elements" of certain Element types. It does not have entries corresponding to
the "overall" elements. To make the correspondence a little clearer each descriptor in
this page optionally contains an "Element Index Present" (EIP) indicator. If EIP is set
then each element's "Element Index" field refers to the position of the corresponding ele-
ment in the Enclosure Status page.
Addressing a single overall element or a single individual element is done with two
indexes: TI and II. Both are origin 0. TI=0 corresponds to the first type header entry
which must be a Device Slot or Array Device Slot Element type (according to the SES-2
standard). To address the corresponding overall instance, II is set to -1, otherwise II
can be set to the individual instance index. As an alternative to the type header index
(TI), an Element type abbreviation (A) optionally followed by a number (e.g. "ps" refers
to the first Power Supply Element type; "ps1" refers to the second) can be given.
One of two command lines variants can be used to specify indexes: --index=TIA,II where TIA
is either an type header index (TI) or an Element type abbreviation (A) (e.g. "ps" or
"ps1"). II is either an individual index or "-1" to specify the overall element. The sec-
ond variant is --index=IIA where IIA is either an individual index (II) or an Element type
abbreviation (A). When IIA is an individual index then the option is equivalent to
--index=0,II. When IIA is an Element type abbreviation then the option is equivalent to
--index=A,-1.
To cope with vendor specific Element types (which should be in the range 128 to 255) the
Element type can be given as a number with a leading underscore. For example these are
equivalent: --index=arr and --index=_23 since the Array Device Slot Element type value is
23. Also --index=ps1 and --index=_2_1 are equivalent.
Another example: if the first type header in the Configuration page has Array Device Slot
Element type then --index=0,-1 is equivalent to --index=arr. Also --index=arr,3 is equiva-
lent to --index=3.
Note that if the Element Descriptor page is available then the --descriptor=DN option may
be an alternative to the --index=... option.
STR FORMAT
The STR operands of the --clear=STR, --get=STR and --set=STR options all have the same
structure. There are two forms:
<acronym>[=<value>]
<start_byte>:<start_bit>[:<num_bits>][=<value>]
The <acronym> is one of a list of common fields (e.g. "ident" and "fault") that the util-
ity converts internally into the second form. The <start_byte> is usually in the range 0
to 3, the <start_bit> must be in the range 0 to 7 and the <num_bits> must be in the range
1 to 64 (default 1). The number of bits are read in the left to right sense of the element
tables shown in the various SES draft documents. For example the 8 bits of byte 2 would be
represented as 2:7:8 with the most significant bit being 2:7 and the least sugnificant bit
being 2:0 .
The <value> is optional but is ignored if provided to --get=STR. For --set=STR the
default <value> is 1 while for --clear=STR the default value is 0 .
The supported list of <acronym>s can be viewed by using the --enumerate option twice (or
"-ee").
CHANGING STATE
This utility has various techniques for changing the state of a SES device. As noted
above this is typically a read-modify-write type operation. Most modifiable pages have a
"status" (or "in") page that can be read, and a corresponding "control" (or "out") page
that can be written back to change the state of the enclosure.
The lower level technique provided by this utility involves outputting a "status" page in
hex with --raw. Then a text editor can be used to edit the hex (note: to change an Enclo-
sure Control descriptor the SELECT bit needs to be set). Next the control page data can
fed back with the --data=H,H... option together with the --control option; the --byte1=B1
option may need to be given as well.
Changes to the Enclosure Control page (and the Threshold Out page) can be done at a higher
level. This involves choosing a page (the default in this case is the Enclosure Control
page). Next choose an individual or overall element index (or name it with its Element
Descriptor string). Then give the element's name (e.g. "ident" for RQST IDENT) or its
position within that element (e.g. in an Array Device Slot Control element RQST IDENT is
byte 2, bit 1 and 1 bit long ("2:1:1")). Finally a value can be given, if not the value
for --set=STR defaults to 1 and for --clear=STR defaults to 0.
SETTING SUBENCLOSURE NICKNAME
The format of the Subenclosure Nickname control page is different from its corresponding
status page. The status page reports all Subenclosure Nicknames (and Subenclosure identi-
fier 0 is the main enclosure) while the control page allows only one of them to be
changed. Therefore using the --data option technique to change a Subenclosure nickname is
difficult (but still possible).
To simplify changing a Subenclosure nickname the --nickname=SEN and --nickid=SEID options
have been added. If the SEN string contains spaces or other punctuation, it should be
quoted: surrounded by single or double quotes (or the offending characters escaped). If
the --nickid=SEID is not given then a Subenclosure identifier of 0 is assumed. As a guard
the --control option must also be given. If the --page=PG option is not given then
--page=snic is assumed.
When --nickname=SEN is given then the Subenclosure Nickname Status page is read to obtain
the Generation Code field. That Generation Code together with no more than 32 bytes from
the Nickname (SEN) and the Subenclosure Identifier (SEID) are written to the Subenclosure
Nickname Control page.
There is an example of changing a nickname in the EXAMPLES section below.
NOTES
This utility can be used to fetch arbitrary (i.e. non SES) diagnostic pages (using the
SCSI READ DIAGNOSTIC command). To this end the --page=PG and --hex options would be appro-
priate. Arbitrary diagnostic pages can be sent to a device with the sg_senddiag utility.
The most troublesome part of the join operation is associating Additional Element Status
descriptors correctly. At least one SES device vendor has misinterpreted the SES-2 stan-
dard with its "element index" field. The code in this utility interprets the "element
index" field as per the SES-2 standard and if that yields an inappropriate Element type,
adjusts its indexing to follow that vendor's misinterpretation.
In draft SES-3 revision 5 the "Door Lock" element name was changed to the "Door" (and an
OPEN field was added to the status element). As a consequence the former 'dl' element type
abbreviation has been changed to 'do'.
There is a related command set called SAF-TE (SCSI attached fault-tolerant enclosure) for
enclosure (including RAID) status and control. SCSI devices that support SAF-TE report
"Processor" peripheral device type (0x3) in their INQUIRY response. See the sg_safte util-
ity in this package or safte-monitor on the Internet.
EXAMPLES
These examples use Linux device names. For suitable device names in other supported Oper-
ating Systems see the sg3_utils(8) man page.
To view the supported pages:
sg_ses /dev/bsg/6:0:2:0
To view the Configuration page:
sg_ses --page=cf /dev/bsg/6:0:2:0
To view the Enclosure Status page:
sg_ses --page=es /dev/bsg/6:0:2:0
To get the (attached) SAS address of that device (which is held in the Additional Element
Sense page (page 10)) printed on hex:
sg_ses -p aes -D ArrayDevice07 -G at_sas_addr -H /dev/sg3
To collate the information in the Enclosure Status, Element Descriptor and Additional Ele-
ment Status pages the --join option can be used:
sg_ses --join /dev/sg3
This will produce a lot of output. To filter out lines that don't contain much information
add the --filter option:
sg_ses --join --filter /dev/sg3
Fields in the various elements of the Enclosure Control and Threshold pages can be changed
with the --clear=STR and --set=STR options. [All modifiable pages can be changed with the
--raw and --data=H,H... options.] The following example looks at making the "ident" LED
(also called "locate") flash on "ArrayDevice07" which is a disk (or more precisely the
carrier drawer the disk is in):
sg_ses --index=7 --set=2:1:1 /dev/sg3
If the Element Descriptor diagnostic page shows that "ArrayDevice07" is the descriptor
name associated with element index 7 then this invocation is equivalent to the previous
one:
sg_ses --descriptor=ArrayDevice07 --set=2:1:1 /dev/sg3
Further the byte 2, bit 1 (for 1 bit) field in the Array Device Slot Control element is
RQST IDENT for asking a disk carrier to flash a LED so it can be located. In this case
"ident" (or "locate") is accepted as an acronym for that field:
sg_ses --descriptor=ArrayDevice07 --set=ident /dev/sg3
To stop that LED flashing:
sg_ses --descriptor=ArrayDevice07 --clear=ident /dev/sg3
Now for an example of a more general but lower level technique for changing a modifiable
diagnostic page. The String (In and Out) diagnostics page is relatively simple (compared
with the Enclosure Status/Control page). However the use of this lower level technique is
awkward involving three steps: read, modify then write. First check the current String
(In) page contents:
sg_ses --page=str /dev/bsg/6:0:2:0
Now the "read" step. The following command will send the contents of the String page (from
byte 4 onwards) to stdout. The output will be in ASCII hex with pairs of hex digits repre-
senting a byte, 16 pairs per line, space separated. The redirection puts stdout in a file
called "t":
sg_ses --page=str --raw /dev/bsg/6:0:2:0 > t
Then with the aid of the SES-3 document (in revision 3: section 6.1.6) use your favourite
editor to change t. The changes can be sent to the device with:
sg_ses --page=str --control --data=- /dev/bsg/6:0:2:0 < t
If the above is successful, the String page should have been changed. To check try:
sg_ses --page=str /dev/bsg/6:0:2:0
To change the nickname on the main enclosure:
sg_ses --nickname='1st enclosure' --control /dev/bsg/6:0:2:0
EXIT STATUS
The exit status of sg_ses is 0 when it is successful. Otherwise see the sg3_utils(8) man
page.
AUTHORS
Written by Douglas Gilbert.
REPORTING BUGS
Report bugs to <dgilbert at interlog dot com>.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (C) 2004-2013 Douglas Gilbert
This software is distributed under a FreeBSD license. There is NO warranty; not even for
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
SEE ALSO
sg_inq, sg_safte, sg_senddiag, sg3_utils (in sg3_utils package); safte-monitor (Internet)
sg3_utils-1.37 September 2013 SG_SES(8)
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