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Pamtojpeg2k User Manual(0) Pamtojpeg2k User Manual(0)
NAME
pamtojpeg2k - convert PAM/PNM image to a JPEG-2000 code stream
SYNOPSIS
pamtojpeg2k [-imgareatlx=column] [-imgareatly=row] [-tilegrdtlx=column] [-tilegrdtly=row]
[-tilewidth=columns] [-tileheight=rows] [-prcwidth=columns] [-prcheight=rows] [-cblk-
width=columns] [-cblkheight=rows] [-mode={integer|int|real}] [-compression=ratio]
[-ilyrrates=ratestring] [-numrlvls=number] [-progression={lrcp|rlcp|rpcl|pcrl|cprl}]
[-numgbits=number] [-nomct] [-sop] [-eph] [-lazy] [-termall] [-segsym] [-vcausal] [-pterm]
[-resetprob] [-verbose] [-debuglevel=number] filename
Minimum unique abbreviation of option is acceptable. You may use double hyphens instead
of single hyphen to denote options. You may use white space in place of the equals sign
to separate an option name from its value.
DESCRIPTION
This program is part of Netpbm(1).
pamtojpeg2k converts the named PBM, PGM, PPM, or PAM file, or Standard Input if no file is
named, to a JPEG-2000 code stream (JPC) file on Standard Output.
The JPEG-2000 specification specifies two separate formats: JP2 and JPEG-2000 code stream
(JPC). JP2 represents a visual image quite specifically, whereas JPC is a more or less
arbitrary array of codes. pamtojpeg2k can't produce a JP2, but the JPC image that pamto-
jpeg2k produces is very similar to a JP2 if the input is a PBM, PGM, or PPM image or
equivalent PAM image. One difference is that the RGB intensity values in a JP2 are SRGB
values, while pamtojpeg2k produces ITU-R Recommendation BT.709 values. Those are very
similar, but not identical. Another difference is that a JP2 can contain extra informa-
tion about an image that JPC cannot.
When the input is a PAM image other than a PBM, PGM, or PPM equivalent, the JPC raster
produced contains whatever the PAM raster does. It can have any number of planes with any
meanings; the planes are in the same order in the JPC output as in the PAM input.
A JPC image has a "precision," which is the number of bits used for each code (in Netpbm
lingo, "sample"). Actually, it has a separate precision for each component. pamtojpeg2k
uses for the precision of every component the least number of bits that can represent the
maxval of the input image. A JPC image does not have an independent concept of maxval;
the maxval of a JPC sample is the maximum value that the number of bits specified by the
precision can represent in pure binary code. E.g. if the precision is 4, the maxval is
15. pamtojpeg2k does of course scale the sample values from the input maxval to the out-
put maxval. Example: The input maxval is 99. This means JPC precision is 7 bits and the
JPC maxval is 127. A sample value of 33 in the input becomes a sample value of 43 in the
output.
pamtojpeg2k generates the JPC output with the Jasper JPEG-2000 library
<http://www.ece.uvic.ca/~mdadams/jasper/> . See documentation of the library for details
on what pamtojpeg2k produces. Note that the Jasper library contains facilities for read-
ing PNM images, but pamtojpeg2k does not use those. It uses the Netpbm library instead.
Note that the makers of the Jasper library write it "JasPer," but Netpbm documentation
follows standard American English typography rules, which don't allow that kind of capi-
talization.
Use jpeg2ktopam to convert in the other direction.
The program jasper, which is packaged with the Jasper JPEG-2000 library, also converts
between JPEG-2000 and PNM formats. Because it's packaged with the library, it may exploit
it better, especially recently added features. However, since it does not use the Netpbm
library to read and write the Netpbm formats, it doesn't do as good a job on that side.
Another format with goals similar to those of JPEG-2000 but that allows for faster encod-
ing and decoding, is JPEG-LS. CharLS <http://charls.codeplex.com> is a package of soft-
ware for using JPEG-LS.
OPTIONS
Most of the options are identical in name and function to options that the Jasper library
JPC encoder subroutine takes. See Jasper documentation
<http://www.ece.uvic.ca/~mdadams/jasper/> for details. Here, we document only options
that are not direct analogs of Jasper options.
-compression=ratio
ratio is a floating point number that specifies the compression ratio. pamtojpeg2k
will adjust quality as necessary to ensure that you get this compression ratio.
E.g. 4 means the output will be about one fourth the size in bytes of the input
file.
The ratio concerns just the raster part of the image, with the denominator being
what the raster would take if it were encoded the most naive way possible (e.g. 3
bytes per pixel in 8-bit-per-sample RGB). It does, however, include metadata that
is part of the compressed raster. Because of that, it may not be possible to give
you your requested compression ratio at any quality. If it isn't, pamtojpeg2k
fails with a message saying so.
If you don't specify this option, pamtojpeg2k gives you the best compression it can
without losing any quality. Because of the metadata issue described above, this
may mean, for a small image, the image actually expands.
Note that though the Jasper library takes a compression factor, this option speci-
fies a compression ratio. The compression factor is the multiplicative inverse of
(1 divided by) the compression ratio.
Before Netpbm 10.61 (December 2012), the default was a compression ratio of 1, and
if pamtojpeg2k could not make the output that small, it just made it as small as it
could, with zero quality. You know this is happening when you see the warning mes-
sage, "empty layer generated."
-verbose
This option causes pamtojpeg2k to issue informational messages about the conversion
process.
-debuglevel=number
This option controls debug messages from the Jasper library. pamtojpeg2k passes
number as the debug level to the Jasper JPC encoder.
EXAMPLES
This example compresses losslessly.
pamtojpeg2k myimg.ppm >myimg.jpc
jpeg2ktopam will recreate myimg.ppm exactly.
This example compresses the file to one tenth its original size, throwing away information
as necessary.
pamtojpeg2k -compression=10 myimg.pgm >myimg.jpc
ABOUT JPEG-2000
JPEG-2000 is a format that compresses a visual image (or a similar set of data) into a
minimal number of bytes for storage or transmission. In that, its goal is similar to
JPEG. It has two main differences from JPEG.
One difference is that it does a much better job on most images of throwing out informa-
tion in order to achieve a smaller output. That means when you reconstruct the image from
the resulting compressed file, it looks a lot closer to the image you started with
JPEG-2000 than with JPEG, for the same compressed file size. Or, looked at another way,
with JPEG-2000 you get a much smaller file than with JPEG for the same image quality.
The second difference is that with JPEG-2000, you decide how much compression you want and
the compressor adjusts the quality to meet your requirement, whereas with JPEG, you decide
how much quality you want and the compressor adjusts the size of the output to meet your
requirement. I.e. with JPEG-2000, the quality of the result depends on the compressibil-
ity of the input, but with JPEG, the size of the result depends on the compressibility of
the input.
With JPEG-2000, you can specify lossless compression, thus making it compete with GIF and
PNG. With standard JPEG, you always lose something. (There are rumored to be variations
of JPEG around that are lossless, though).
JPEG is much older than JPEG-2000 and far more popular. JPEG is one of the half dozen
most popular graphics formats and virtually all graphics facilities understand it.
JPEG-2000 is virtually unknown.
There is no compatibility between JPEG and JPEG-2000. Programs that read JPEG do not
automatically read JPEG-2000 and vice versa.
SEE ALSO
jpeg2ktopam(1), pnmtojpeg(1), ppm(1), pgm(1), pbm(1), pam(1),
History
pamtojpeg2k was added to Netpbm in Release 10.12 (November 2002).
DOCUMENT SOURCE
This manual page was generated by the Netpbm tool 'makeman' from HTML source. The master
documentation is at
http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/doc/pamtojpeg2k.html
netpbm documentation 31 January 2014 Pamtojpeg2k User Manual(0)
Generated by $Id: phpMan.php,v 4.55 2007/09/05 04:42:51 chedong Exp $ Author: Che Dong
On Apache
Under GNU General Public License
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