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ntpq(8) System Manager's Manual ntpq(8)
NAME
ntpq - standard NTP query program
SYNOPSIS
ntpq [-46dinp] [-c command] [host] [...]
DESCRIPTION
The ntpq utility program is used to monitor NTP daemon ntpd operations and determine per-
formance. It uses the standard NTP mode 6 control message formats defined in Appendix B of
the NTPv3 specification RFC1305. The same formats are used in NTPv4, although some of the
variable names have changed and new ones added. The description on this page is for the
NTPv4 variables.
The program can be run either in interactive mode or controlled using command line argu-
ments. Requests to read and write arbitrary variables can be assembled, with raw and
pretty-printed output options being available. The ntpq can also obtain and print a list
of peers in a common format by sending multiple queries to the server.
If one or more request options is included on the command line when ntpq is executed, each
of the requests will be sent to the NTP servers running on each of the hosts given as com-
mand line arguments, or on localhost by default. If no request options are given, ntpq
will attempt to read commands from the standard input and execute these on the NTP server
running on the first host given on the command line, again defaulting to localhost when no
other host is specified. ntpq will prompt for commands if the standard input is a terminal
device.
ntpq uses NTP mode 6 packets to communicate with the NTP server, and hence can be used to
query any compatible server on the network which permits it. Note that since NTP is a UDP
protocol this communication will be somewhat unreliable, especially over large distances
in terms of network topology. ntpq makes one attempt to retransmit requests, and will time
requests out if the remote host is not heard from within a suitable timeout time.
Note that in contexts where a host name is expected, a -4 qualifier preceding the host
name forces DNS resolution to the IPv4 namespace, while a -6 qualifier forces DNS resolu-
tion to the IPv6 namespace.
For examples and usage, see the NTP Debugging Techniques page.
Command line options are described following. Specifying a command line option other than
-i or -n will cause the specified query (queries) to be sent to the indicated host(s)
immediately. Otherwise, ntpq will attempt to read interactive format commands from the
standard input.
-4 Force DNS resolution of following host names on the command line to the IPv4
namespace.
-6 Force DNS resolution of following host names on the command line to the IPv6
namespace.
-c The following argument is interpreted as an interactive format command and is
added to the list of commands to be executed on the specified host(s). Multiple -c
options may be given.
-d Turn on debugging mode.
-i Force ntpq to operate in interactive mode. Prompts will be written to the standard
output and commands read from the standard input.
-n Output all host addresses in dotted-quad numeric format rather than converting to
the canonical host names.
-p Print a list of the peers known to the server as well as a summary of their state.
This is equivalent to the peers interactive command.
INTERNAL COMMANDS
Interactive format commands consist of a keyword followed by zero to four arguments. Only
enough characters of the full keyword to uniquely identify the command need be typed. The
output of a command is normally sent to the standard output, but optionally the output of
individual commands may be sent to a file by appending a >, followed by a file name, to
the command line. A number of interactive format commands are executed entirely within the
ntpq program itself and do not result in NTP mode-6 requests being sent to a server. These
are described following.
? [command_keyword]
help [command_keyword]
A ? by itself will print a list of all the command keywords known to ntpq. A ?
followed by a command keyword will print function and usage information about the
command.
addvars name [ = value] [...]
rmvars name [...]
clearvars
The arguments to this command consist of a list of items of the form name = value,
where the = value is ignored, and can be omitted in read requests. ntpq maintains
an internal list in which data to be included in control messages can be assem-
bled, and sent using the readlist and writelist commands described below. The
addvars command allows variables and optional values to be added to the list. If
more than one variable is to be added, the list should be comma-separated and not
contain white space. The rmvars command can be used to remove individual variables
from the list, while the clearlist command removes all variables from the list.
cooked Display server messages in prettyprint format.
debug more | less | off
Turns internal query program debugging on and off.
delay milliseconds
Specify a time interval to be added to timestamps included in requests which
require authentication. This is used to enable (unreliable) server reconfiguration
over long delay network paths or between machines whose clocks are unsynchronized.
Actually the server does not now require timestamps in authenticated requests, so
this command may be obsolete.
host name
Set the host to which future queries will be sent. The name may be either a DNS
name or a numeric address.
hostnames [yes | no]
If yes is specified, host names are printed in information displays. If no is
specified, numeric addresses are printed instead. The default is yes, unless modi-
fied using the command line -n switch.
keyid keyid
This command specifies the key number to be used to authenticate configuration
requests. This must correspond to a key number the server has been configured to
use for this purpose.
ntpversion 1 | 2 | 3 | 4
Sets the NTP version number which ntpq claims in packets. Defaults to 2, Note that
mode-6 control messages (and modes, for that matter) didn't exist in NTP version
1.
passwd This command prompts for a password to authenticate configuration requests. The
password must correspond to the key configured for NTP server for this purpose.
quit Exit ntpq.
raw Display server messages as received and without reformatting.
timeout milliseconds
Specify a timeout period for responses to server queries. The default is about
5000 milliseconds. Note that since ntpq retries each query once after a timeout,
the total waiting time for a timeout will be twice the timeout value set.
CONTROL MESSAGE COMMANDS
Association IDs are used to identify system, peer and clock variables. System variables
are assigned an association ID of zero and system name space, while each association is
assigned a nonzero association ID and peer namespace. Most control commands send a single
mode-6 message to the server and expect a single response message. The exceptions are the
peers command, which sends a series of messages, and the mreadlist and mreadvar commands,
which iterate over a range of associations.
associations
Display a list of mobilized associations in the form ind assid status conf reach
auth condition last_event cnt
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
|Variable | Description |
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
|ind | index on this list |
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
|assid | association ID |
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
|status | peer status word |
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
|conf | yes: persistent, no: ephemeral |
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
|reach | yes: reachable, no: unreachable |
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
|auth | ok, yes, bad and none |
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
|condition | selection status (see the select field of the peer status word) |
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
|last_event | event report (see the event field of the peer status word) |
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
|cnt | event count (see the count field of the peer status word) |
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
clockvar assocID [name [ = value [...]] [...]
cv assocID [name [ = value [...] ][...]
Display a list of clock variables for those assocations supporting a reference
clock.
:config [...]
Send the remainder of the command line, including whitespace, to the server as a
run-time configuration command in the same format as the configuration file. This
command is experimental until further notice and clarification. Authentication is
of course required.
config-from-file filename
Send the each line of filename to the server as run-time configuration commands in
the same format as the configuration file. This command is experimental until fur-
ther notice and clarification. Authentication is of course required.
keyid Specify the key ID to use for write requests.
lassociations
Perform the same function as the associations command, execept display mobilized
and unmobilized associations.
mreadvar assocID assocID [ variable_name [ = value[ ... ]
mrv assocID assocID [ variable_name [ = value[ ... ]
Perform the same function as the readvar command, except for a range of associa-
tion IDs. This range is determined from the association list cached by the most
recent associations command.
passociations
Perform the same function as the associations command, except that it uses previ-
ously stored data rather than making a new query.
passwd Specify the password to use for write requests.
peers Display a list of peers in the form [tally]remote refid st t when pool reach delay
offset jitter
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Variable |Description |
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
[tally] |single-character code indicating current value of the select field of the peer status word|
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
remote |host name (or IP number) of peer |
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
refid |association ID or kiss code |
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
st |stratum |
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
t |u: unicast, b: broadcast, l: local |
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
when |sec/min/hr since last received packet |
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
poll |poll interval (log2 s) |
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
reach |reach shift register (octal) |
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
delay |roundtrip delay |
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
offset |offset |
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
jitter |jitter |
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
readvar assocID name [ = value ] [,...]
rv assocID [ name ] [,...]
Display the specified variables. If assocID is zero, the variables are from the
system variables name space, otherwise they are from the peer variables name
space. The assocID is required, as the same name can occur in both spaces. If no
name is included, all operative variables in the name space are displayed. In this
case only, if the assocID is omitted, it is assumed zero. Multiple names are spec-
ified with comma separators and without whitespace. Note that time values are rep-
resented in milliseconds and frequency values in parts-per-million (PPM). Some NTP
timestamps are represented in the format YYYYMMDDTTTT, where YYYY is the year, MM
the month of year, DD the day of month and TTTT the time of day.
saveconfig filename
Write the current configuration, including any runtime modifications given with
:config or config-from-file, to the ntpd host's file filename. This command will
be rejected by the server unless saveconfigdir appears in the ntpd configuration
file. filename can use strftime() format specifiers to substitute the current date
and time, for example, saveconfig ntp-%Y%m%d-%H%M%S.conf. The filename used is
stored in system variable savedconfig. Authentication is required.
writevar assocID name = value [,...]
Write the specified variables. If the assocID is zero, the variables are from the
system variables name space, otherwise they are from the peer variables name
space. The assocID is required, as the same name can occur in both spaces.
STATUS WORDS AND KISS CODES
The current state of the operating program is shown in a set of status words maintained by
the system and each association separately. These words are displayed in the rv and as
commands both in hexadecimal and decoded short tip strings. The codes, tips and short
explanations are on the Event Messages and Status Words page. The page also includes a
list of system and peer messages, the code for the latest of which is included in the sta-
tus word.
Information resulting from protocol machine state transitions is displayed using an infor-
mal set of ASCII strings called kiss codes. The original purpose was for kiss-o'-death
(KoD) packets sent by the server to advise the client of an unusual condition. They are
now displayed, when appropriate, in the reference identifier field in various billboards.
SYSTEM VARIABLES
The following system variables appear in the rv billboard. Not all variables are displayed
in some configurations.
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable | Description |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| status | system status word |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| version | NTP software version and build time |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| processor | hardware platform and version |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| system | operating system and version |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| leap | leap warning indicator (0-3) |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| stratum | stratum (1-15) |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| precision | precision (log2 s) |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| rootdelay | total roundtrip delay to the primary reference clock |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| rootdisp | total dispersion to the primary reference clock |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| peer | system peer association ID |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| tc | time constant and poll exponent (log2 s) (3-17) |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| mintc | minimum time constant (log2 s) (3-10) |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| clock | date and time of day |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| refid | reference ID or kiss code |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| reftime | reference time |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| offset | combined time offset |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| sys_jitter | combined system jitter |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| frequency | clock frequency offset (PPM) |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| clk_wander | clock frequency wander (PPM) |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| clk_jitter | clock jitter |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| tai | TAI-UTC offset (s) |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| leapsec | NTP seconds when the next leap second is/was inserted |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| expire | NTP seconds when the NIST leapseconds file expires |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
The jitter and wander statistics are exponentially-weighted RMS averages. The system jit-
ter is defined in the NTPv4 specification; the clock jitter statistic is computed by the
clock discipline module.
When the NTPv4 daemon is compiled with the OpenSSL software library, additional system
variables are displayed, including some or all of the following, depending on the particu-
lar Autokey dance:
+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable | Description |
+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| host | Autokey host name |
+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| group | Autokey group name |
+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| flags | host flags (see Autokey specification) |
+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| digest | OpenSSL message digest algorithm |
+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| signature | OpenSSL digest/signature scheme |
+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| update | NTP seconds at last signature update |
+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| cert | certificate subject, issuer and certificate flags |
+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| until | NTP seconds when the certificate expires |
+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
PEER VARIABLES
The following system variables apear in the rv billboard for each association. Not all
variables are displayed in some configurations.
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable | Description |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| associd | association ID |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| status | peer status word |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| srcadr srcport | source (remote) IP address and port |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| dstadr dstport | destination (local) IP address and port |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| leap | leap indicator (0-3) |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| stratum | stratum (0-15) |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| precision | precision (log2 s) |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| rootdelay | total roundtrip delay to the primary reference clock |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| rootdisp | total root dispersion to the primary reference clock |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| refid | reference ID or kiss code |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| reftime | reference time |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| reach | reach register (octal) |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| unreach | unreach counter |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| hmode | host mode (1-6) |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| pmode | peer mode (1-5) |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| hpoll | host poll exponent (log2 s) (3-17) |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ppoll | peer poll exponent (log2 s) (3-17) |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| headway | headway (see Rate Management and the Kiss-o'-Death Packet) |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| flash | flash status word |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| offset | filter offset |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| delay | filter delay |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| dispersion | filter dispersion |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| jitter | filter jitter |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| bias | unicast/broadcast bias |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| xleave | interleave delay (see NTP Interleaved Modes) |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
The bias vaqriable is calculated when the first broadcast packet is received after the
calibration volley. It represents the offset of the broadcast subgraph relative to the
unicast subgraph. The xleave variable appears only the interleaved symmetric and ingter-
leaved modes. It represents the internal queueing, buffering and transmission delays for
the preceeding packet.
When the NTPv4 daemon is compiled with the OpenSSL software library, additional peer vari-
ables are displayed, including the following:
+-------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable | Description |
+-------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| flags | peer flags (see Autokey specification) |
+-------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| host | Autokey server name |
+-------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| flags | peer flags (see Autokey specification) |
+-------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| signature | OpenSSL digest/signature shceme |
+-------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| initsequence | initial key ID |
+-------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| initkey | initial key index |
+-------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| timestamp | Autokey signature timestamp |
+-------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
CLOCK VARIABLES
The following clock variables apear in the cv billboard for each association with a refer-
ence clock. Not all variables are displayed in some configurations.
+----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable | Description |
+----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
| associd | association ID |
+----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
| status | clock status word |
+----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
| device | device description |
+----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
| timecode | ASCII timecode string (specific to device) |
+----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
| poll | poll messages sent |
+----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
| noreply | no reply |
+----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
| badformat | bad format |
+----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
| baddata | bad date or time |
+----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
| fudgetime1 | fudge time 1 |
+----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
| fudgetime2 | fudge time 2 |
+----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
| stratum | driver stratum |
+----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
| refid | driver reference ID |
+----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
| flags | driver flags |
+----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
SEE ALSO
ntp_decode(5), ntpd(8), ntpdc(8)
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