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exportfs(8) System Manager's Manual exportfs(8)
NAME
exportfs - maintain table of exported NFS file systems
SYNOPSIS
/usr/sbin/exportfs [-avi] [-o options,..] [client:/path ..]
/usr/sbin/exportfs -r [-v]
/usr/sbin/exportfs [-av] -u [client:/path ..]
/usr/sbin/exportfs [-v]
/usr/sbin/exportfs -f
/usr/sbin/exportfs -s
DESCRIPTION
An NFS server maintains a table of local physical file systems that are accessible to NFS
clients. Each file system in this table is referred to as an exported file system, or
export, for short.
The exportfs command maintains the current table of exports for the NFS server. The mas-
ter export table is kept in a file named /var/lib/nfs/etab. This file is read by
rpc.mountd when a client sends an NFS MOUNT request.
Normally the master export table is initialized with the contents of /etc/exports and
files under /etc/exports.d by invoking exportfs -a. However, a system administrator can
choose to add or delete exports without modifying /etc/exports or files under
/etc/exports.d by using the exportfs command.
exportfs and its partner program rpc.mountd work in one of two modes: a legacy mode which
applies to 2.4 and earlier versions of the Linux kernel, and a new mode which applies to
2.6 and later versions, providing the nfsd virtual filesystem has been mounted at
/proc/fs/nfsd or /proc/fs/nfs. On 2.6 kernels, if this filesystem is not mounted, the
legacy mode is used.
In the new mode, exportfs does not give any information to the kernel, but provides it
only to rpc.mountd through the /var/lib/nfs/etab file. rpc.mountd then manages kernel
requests for information about exports, as needed.
In the legacy mode, exports which identify a specific host, rather than a subnet or net-
group, are entered directly into the kernel's export table, as well as being written to
/var/lib/nfs/etab. Further, exports listed in /var/lib/nfs/rmtab which match a non host-
specific export request will cause an appropriate export entry for the host given in rmtab
to be added to the kernel's export table.
OPTIONS
-d kind or --debug kind
Turn on debugging. Valid kinds are: all, auth, call, general and parse. Debugging
can also be turned on by setting debug= in the [exportfs] section of /etc/nfs.conf.
-a Export or unexport all directories.
-o options,...
Specify a list of export options in the same manner as in exports(5).
-i Ignore the /etc/exports file and files under /etc/exports.d directory. Only
default options and options given on the command line are used.
-r Reexport all directories, synchronizing /var/lib/nfs/etab with /etc/exports and
files under /etc/exports.d. This option removes entries in /var/lib/nfs/etab which
have been deleted from /etc/exports or files under /etc/exports.d, and removes any
entries from the kernel export table which are no longer valid.
-u Unexport one or more directories.
-f If /proc/fs/nfsd or /proc/fs/nfs is mounted, flush everything out of the kernel's
export table. Fresh entries for active clients are added to the kernel's export
table by rpc.mountd when they make their next NFS mount request.
-v Be verbose. When exporting or unexporting, show what's going on. When displaying
the current export list, also display the list of export options.
-s Display the current export list suitable for /etc/exports.
DISCUSSION
Exporting Directories
The first synopsis shows how to invoke exportfs when adding new entries to the export ta-
ble. When using exportfs -a, all exports listed in /etc/exports and files under
/etc/exports.d are added to /var/lib/nfs/etab. The kernel's export table is also updated
as needed.
The host:/path argument specifies a local directory to export, along with the client or
clients who are permitted to access it. See exports(5) for a description of supported
options and access list formats.
IPv6 presentation addresses contain colons, which are already used to separate the "host"
and "path" command line arguments. When specifying a client using a raw IPv6 address,
enclose the address in square brackets. For IPv6 network addresses, place the prefix just
after the closing bracket.
To export a directory to the world, simply specify :/path.
The export options for a particular host/directory pair derive from several sources. The
default export options are sync,ro,root_squash,wdelay. These can be overridden by entries
in /etc/exports or files under /etc/exports.d.
A system administrator may override options from these sources using the -o command-line
option on exportfs. This option takes a comma-separated list of options in the same fash-
ion as one would specify them in /etc/exports. In this way exportfs can be used to modify
the export options of an already exported directory.
Unexporting Directories
The third synopsis shows how to unexport a currently exported directory. When using
exportfs -ua, all entries listed in /var/lib/nfs/etab are removed from the kernel export
tables, and the file is cleared. This effectively shuts down all NFS activity.
To remove an export, specify a host:/path pair. This deletes the specified entry from
/var/lib/nfs/etab and removes the corresponding kernel entry (if any).
Dumping the Export Table
Invoking exportfs without options shows the current list of exported file systems. Adding
the -v option causes exportfs to display the export options for each export.
EXAMPLES
The following adds all directories listed in /etc/exports and files under /etc/exports.d
to /var/lib/nfs/etab and pushes the resulting export entries into the kernel:
# exportfs -a
To export the /usr/tmp directory to host django, allowing insecure file locking requests
from clients:
# exportfs -o insecure_locks django:/usr/tmp
To unexport the /usr/tmp directory:
# exportfs -u django:/usr/tmp
To unexport all exports listed in /etc/exports and files under /etc/exports.d:
# exportfs -au
To export the /usr/tmp directory to IPv6 link-local clients:
# exportfs [fe80::]/64:/usr/tmp
USAGE NOTES
Exporting to IP networks or DNS and NIS domains does not enable clients from these groups
to access NFS immediately. Rather, these sorts of exports are hints to rpc.mountd(8) to
grant any mount requests from these clients. This is usually not a problem, because any
existing mounts are preserved in rmtab across reboots.
When unexporting a network or domain entry, any current exports to members of this group
will be checked against the remaining valid exports and if they themselves are no longer
valid they will be removed.
FILES
/etc/exports input file listing exports, export options, and access control
lists
/etc/exports.d directory where extra input files are stored. Note: only files
that end with .exports are used.
/var/lib/nfs/etab master table of exports
/var/lib/nfs/rmtab table of clients accessing server's exports
SEE ALSO
exports(5), nfs.conf(5), rpc.mountd(8), netgroup(5)
AUTHORS
Olaf Kirch <okir AT monad.de>
Neil Brown <neilb AT cse.au>
30 September 2013 exportfs(8)
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