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Tcl_Main(3) Tcl Library Procedures Tcl_Main(3)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
NAME
Tcl_Main, Tcl_SetMainLoop - main program and event loop definition for Tcl-based applica-
tions
SYNOPSIS
#include <tcl.h>
Tcl_Main(argc, argv, appInitProc)
Tcl_SetMainLoop(mainLoopProc)
ARGUMENTS
int argc (in) Number of elements in argv.
char *argv[] (in) Array of strings containing command-line
arguments.
Tcl_AppInitProc *appInitProc (in) Address of an application-specific initial-
ization procedure. The value for this argu-
ment is usually Tcl_AppInit.
Tcl_MainLoopProc *mainLoopProc (in) Address of an application-specific event loop
procedure.
_________________________________________________________________
DESCRIPTION
Tcl_Main can serve as the main program for Tcl-based shell applications. A "shell appli-
cation" is a program like tclsh or wish that supports both interactive interpretation of
Tcl and evaluation of a script contained in a file given as a command line argument.
Tcl_Main is offered as a convenience to developers of shell applications, so they do not
have to reproduce all of the code for proper initialization of the Tcl library and inter-
active shell operation. Other styles of embedding Tcl in an application are not supported
by Tcl_Main. Those must be achieved by calling lower level functions in the Tcl library
directly.
The Tcl_Main function has been offered by the Tcl library since release Tcl 7.4. In older
releases of Tcl, the Tcl library itself defined a function main, but that lacks flexibil-
ity of embedding style and having a function main in a library (particularly a shared
library) causes problems on many systems. Having main in the Tcl library would also make
it hard to use Tcl in C++ programs, since C++ programs must have special C++ main func-
tions.
Normally each shell application contains a small main function that does nothing but
invoke Tcl_Main. Tcl_Main then does all the work of creating and running a tclsh-like
application.
Tcl_Main is not provided by the public interface of Tcl's stub library. Programs that
call Tcl_Main must be linked against the standard Tcl library. Extensions (stub-enabled
or not) are not intended to call Tcl_Main.
Tcl_Main is not thread-safe. It should only be called by a single master thread of a
multi-threaded application. This restriction is not a problem with normal use described
above.
Tcl_Main and therefore all applications based upon it, like tclsh, use Tcl_GetStdChannel
to initialize the standard channels to their default values. See Tcl_StandardChannels for
more information.
Tcl_Main supports two modes of operation, depending on the values of argc and argv. If
the first few arguments in argv match ?-encoding name? fileName, where fileName does not
begin with the character -, then fileName is taken to be the name of a file containing a
startup script, and name is taken to be the name of the encoding of the contents of that
file, which Tcl_Main will attempt to evaluate. Otherwise, Tcl_Main will enter an interac-
tive mode.
In either mode, Tcl_Main will define in its master interpreter the Tcl variables argc,
argv, argv0, and tcl_interactive, as described in the documentation for tclsh.
When it has finished its own initialization, but before it processes commands, Tcl_Main
calls the procedure given by the appInitProc argument. This procedure provides a "hook"
for the application to perform its own initialization of the interpreter created by
Tcl_Main, such as defining application-specific commands. The procedure must have an
interface that matches the type Tcl_AppInitProc:
typedef int Tcl_AppInitProc(Tcl_Interp *interp);
AppInitProc is almost always a pointer to Tcl_AppInit; for more details on this procedure,
see the documentation for Tcl_AppInit.
When the appInitProc is finished, Tcl_Main enters one of its two modes. If a startup
script has been provided, Tcl_Main attempts to evaluate it. Otherwise, interactive mode
begins with examination of the variable tcl_rcFileName in the master interpreter. If that
variable exists and holds the name of a readable file, the contents of that file are eval-
uated in the master interpreter. Then interactive operations begin, with prompts and com-
mand evaluation results written to the standard output channel, and commands read from the
standard input channel and then evaluated. The prompts written to the standard output
channel may be customized by defining the Tcl variables tcl_prompt1 and tcl_prompt2 as
described in the documentation for tclsh. The prompts and command evaluation results are
written to the standard output channel only if the Tcl variable tcl_interactive in the
master interpreter holds a non-zero integer value.
Tcl_SetMainLoop allows setting an event loop procedure to be run. This allows, for exam-
ple, Tk to be dynamically loaded and set its event loop. The event loop will run follow-
ing the startup script. If you are in interactive mode, setting the main loop procedure
will cause the prompt to become fileevent based and then the loop procedure is called.
When the loop procedure returns in interactive mode, interactive operation will continue.
The main loop procedure must have an interface that matches the type Tcl_MainLoopProc:
typedef void Tcl_MainLoopProc(void);
Tcl_Main does not return. Normally a program based on Tcl_Main will terminate when the
exit command is evaluated. In interactive mode, if an EOF or channel error is encountered
on the standard input channel, then Tcl_Main itself will evaluate the exit command after
the main loop procedure (if any) returns. In non-interactive mode, after Tcl_Main evalu-
ates the startup script, and the main loop procedure (if any) returns, Tcl_Main will also
evaluate the exit command.
SEE ALSO
tclsh(1), Tcl_GetStdChannel(3), Tcl_StandardChannels(3), Tcl_AppInit(3), exit(n)
KEYWORDS
application-specific initialization, command-line arguments, main program
Tcl 8.4 Tcl_Main(3)
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