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Module::Build::Authoring(3) User Contributed Perl Documentation Module::Build::Authoring(3)
NAME
Module::Build::Authoring - Authoring Module::Build modules
DESCRIPTION
When creating a "Build.PL" script for a module, something like the following code will
typically be used:
use Module::Build;
my $build = Module::Build->new
(
module_name => 'Foo::Bar',
license => 'perl',
requires => {
'perl' => '5.6.1',
'Some::Module' => '1.23',
'Other::Module' => '>= 1.2, != 1.5, < 2.0',
},
);
$build->create_build_script;
A simple module could get away with something as short as this for its "Build.PL" script:
use Module::Build;
Module::Build->new(
module_name => 'Foo::Bar',
license => 'perl',
)->create_build_script;
The model used by "Module::Build" is a lot like the "MakeMaker" metaphor, with the
following correspondences:
In Module::Build In ExtUtils::MakeMaker
--------------------------- ------------------------
Build.PL (initial script) Makefile.PL (initial script)
Build (a short perl script) Makefile (a long Makefile)
_build/ (saved state info) various config text in the Makefile
Any customization can be done simply by subclassing "Module::Build" and adding a method
called (for example) "ACTION_test", overriding the default 'test' action. You could also
add a method called "ACTION_whatever", and then you could perform the action "Build
whatever".
For information on providing compatibility with "ExtUtils::MakeMaker", see
Module::Build::Compat and
<http://www.makemaker.org/wiki/index.cgi?ModuleBuildConversionGuide>.
STRUCTURE
Module::Build creates a class hierarchy conducive to customization. Here is the parent-
child class hierarchy in classy ASCII art:
/--------------------\
| Your::Parent | (If you subclass Module::Build)
\--------------------/
|
|
/--------------------\ (Doesn't define any functionality
| Module::Build | of its own - just figures out what
\--------------------/ other modules to load.)
|
|
/-----------------------------------\ (Some values of $^O may
| Module::Build::Platform::$^O | define specialized functionality.
\-----------------------------------/ Otherwise it's ...::Default, a
| pass-through class.)
|
/--------------------------\
| Module::Build::Base | (Most of the functionality of
\--------------------------/ Module::Build is defined here.)
SUBCLASSING
Right now, there are two ways to subclass Module::Build. The first way is to create a
regular module (in a ".pm" file) that inherits from Module::Build, and use that module's
class instead of using Module::Build directly:
------ in Build.PL: ----------
#!/usr/bin/perl
use lib q(/nonstandard/library/path);
use My::Builder; # Or whatever you want to call it
my $build = My::Builder->new
(
module_name => 'Foo::Bar', # All the regular args...
license => 'perl',
dist_author => 'A N Other <me AT here.au>',
requires => { Carp => 0 }
);
$build->create_build_script;
This is relatively straightforward, and is the best way to do things if your My::Builder
class contains lots of code. The "create_build_script()" method will ensure that the
current value of @INC (including the "/nonstandard/library/path") is propagated to the
Build script, so that My::Builder can be found when running build actions. If you find
that you need to "chdir" into a different directories in your subclass methods or actions,
be sure to always return to the original directory (available via the "base_dir()" method)
before returning control to the parent class. This is important to avoid data
serialization problems.
For very small additions, Module::Build provides a "subclass()" method that lets you
subclass Module::Build more conveniently, without creating a separate file for your
module:
------ in Build.PL: ----------
#!/usr/bin/perl
use Module::Build;
my $class = Module::Build->subclass
(
class => 'My::Builder',
code => q{
sub ACTION_foo {
print "I'm fooing to death!\n";
}
},
);
my $build = $class->new
(
module_name => 'Foo::Bar', # All the regular args...
license => 'perl',
dist_author => 'A N Other <me AT here.au>',
requires => { Carp => 0 }
);
$build->create_build_script;
Behind the scenes, this actually does create a ".pm" file, since the code you provide must
persist after Build.PL is run if it is to be very useful.
See also the documentation for the "subclass()" in Module::Build::API method.
PREREQUISITES
Types of prerequisites
To specify what versions of other modules are used by this distribution, several types of
prerequisites can be defined with the following parameters:
configure_requires
Items that must be installed before configuring this distribution (i.e. before running
the Build.PL script). This might be a specific minimum version of "Module::Build" or
any other module the Build.PL needs in order to do its stuff. Clients like "CPAN.pm"
or "CPANPLUS" will be expected to pick "configure_requires" out of the META.yml file
and install these items before running the "Build.PL".
If no configure_requires is specified, the current version of Module::Build is
automatically added to configure_requires.
build_requires
Items that are necessary for building and testing this distribution, but aren't
necessary after installation. This can help users who only want to install these items
temporarily. It also helps reduce the size of the CPAN dependency graph if everything
isn't smooshed into "requires".
requires
Items that are necessary for basic functioning.
recommends
Items that are recommended for enhanced functionality, but there are ways to use this
distribution without having them installed. You might also think of this as "can use"
or "is aware of" or "changes behavior in the presence of".
test_requires
Items that are necessary for testing.
conflicts
Items that can cause problems with this distribution when installed. This is pretty
rare.
Format of prerequisites
The prerequisites are given in a hash reference, where the keys are the module names and
the values are version specifiers:
requires => {
Foo::Module => '2.4',
Bar::Module => 0,
Ken::Module => '>= 1.2, != 1.5, < 2.0',
perl => '5.6.0'
},
The above four version specifiers have different effects. The value '2.4' means that at
least version 2.4 of "Foo::Module" must be installed. The value 0 means that any version
of "Bar::Module" is acceptable, even if "Bar::Module" doesn't define a version. The more
verbose value '>= 1.2, != 1.5, < 2.0' means that "Ken::Module"'s version must be at least
1.2, less than 2.0, and not equal to 1.5. The list of criteria is separated by commas,
and all criteria must be satisfied.
A special "perl" entry lets you specify the versions of the Perl interpreter that are
supported by your module. The same version dependency-checking semantics are available,
except that we also understand perl's new double-dotted version numbers.
XS Extensions
Modules which need to compile XS code should list "ExtUtils::CBuilder" as a
"build_requires" element.
SAVING CONFIGURATION INFORMATION
Module::Build provides a very convenient way to save configuration information that your
installed modules (or your regression tests) can access. If your Build process calls the
"feature()" or "config_data()" methods, then a "Foo::Bar::ConfigData" module will
automatically be created for you, where "Foo::Bar" is the "module_name" parameter as
passed to "new()". This module provides access to the data saved by these methods, and a
way to update the values. There is also a utility script called "config_data" distributed
with Module::Build that provides a command line interface to this same functionality. See
also the generated "Foo::Bar::ConfigData" documentation, and the "config_data" script's
documentation, for more information.
STARTING MODULE DEVELOPMENT
When starting development on a new module, it's rarely worth your time to create a tree of
all the files by hand. Some automatic module-creators are available: the oldest is
"h2xs", which has shipped with perl itself for a long time. Its name reflects the fact
that modules were originally conceived of as a way to wrap up a C library (thus the "h"
part) into perl extensions (thus the "xs" part).
These days, "h2xs" has largely been superseded by modules like "ExtUtils::ModuleMaker",
and "Module::Starter". They have varying degrees of support for "Module::Build".
AUTOMATION
One advantage of Module::Build is that since it's implemented as Perl methods, you can
invoke these methods directly if you want to install a module non-interactively. For
instance, the following Perl script will invoke the entire build/install procedure:
my $build = Module::Build->new(module_name => 'MyModule');
$build->dispatch('build');
$build->dispatch('test');
$build->dispatch('install');
If any of these steps encounters an error, it will throw a fatal exception.
You can also pass arguments as part of the build process:
my $build = Module::Build->new(module_name => 'MyModule');
$build->dispatch('build');
$build->dispatch('test', verbose => 1);
$build->dispatch('install', sitelib => '/my/secret/place/');
Building and installing modules in this way skips creating the "Build" script.
MIGRATION
Note that if you want to provide both a Makefile.PL and a Build.PL for your distribution,
you probably want to add the following to "WriteMakefile" in your Makefile.PL so that
"MakeMaker" doesn't try to run your Build.PL as a normal .PL file:
PL_FILES => {},
You may also be interested in looking at the "Module::Build::Compat" module, which can
automatically create various kinds of Makefile.PL compatibility layers.
AUTHOR
Ken Williams <kwilliams AT cpan.org>
Development questions, bug reports, and patches should be sent to the Module-Build mailing
list at <module-build AT perl.org>.
Bug reports are also welcome at <http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/Bugs.html?Dist=Module-Build>.
The latest development version is available from the Git repository at
<https://github.com/Perl-Toolchain-Gang/Module-Build>
SEE ALSO
perl(1), Module::Build(3), Module::Build::API(3), Module::Build::Cookbook(3),
ExtUtils::MakeMaker(3), YAML(3)
META.yml Specification: CPAN::META::Spec
<http://www.dsmit.com/cons/>
<http://search.cpan.org/dist/PerlBuildSystem/>
perl v5.16.3 2014-06-10 Module::Build::Authoring(3)
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On Apache
Under GNU General Public License
2024-04-20 02:31 @3.142.249.73 CrawledBy Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)