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File::Find::Rule(3) User Contributed Perl Documentation File::Find::Rule(3)
NAME
File::Find::Rule - Alternative interface to File::Find
SYNOPSIS
use File::Find::Rule;
# find all the subdirectories of a given directory
my @subdirs = File::Find::Rule->directory->in( $directory );
# find all the .pm files in @INC
my @files = File::Find::Rule->file()
->name( '*.pm' )
->in( @INC );
# as above, but without method chaining
my $rule = File::Find::Rule->new;
$rule->file;
$rule->name( '*.pm' );
my @files = $rule->in( @INC );
DESCRIPTION
File::Find::Rule is a friendlier interface to File::Find. It allows you to build rules
which specify the desired files and directories.
METHODS
"new"
A constructor. You need not invoke "new" manually unless you wish to, as each of the
rule-making methods will auto-create a suitable object if called as class methods.
Matching Rules
"name( @patterns )"
Specifies names that should match. May be globs or regular expressions.
$set->name( '*.mp3', '*.ogg' ); # mp3s or oggs
$set->name( qr/\.(mp3|ogg)$/ ); # the same as a regex
$set->name( 'foo.bar' ); # just things named foo.bar
-X tests
Synonyms are provided for each of the -X tests. See "-X" in perlfunc for details.
None of these methods take arguments.
Test | Method Test | Method
------|------------- ------|----------------
-r | readable -R | r_readable
-w | writeable -W | r_writeable
-w | writable -W | r_writable
-x | executable -X | r_executable
-o | owned -O | r_owned
| |
-e | exists -f | file
-z | empty -d | directory
-s | nonempty -l | symlink
| -p | fifo
-u | setuid -S | socket
-g | setgid -b | block
-k | sticky -c | character
| -t | tty
-M | modified |
-A | accessed -T | ascii
-C | changed -B | binary
Though some tests are fairly meaningless as binary flags ("modified", "accessed",
"changed"), they have been included for completeness.
# find nonempty files
$rule->file,
->nonempty;
stat tests
The following "stat" based methods are provided: "dev", "ino", "mode", "nlink", "uid",
"gid", "rdev", "size", "atime", "mtime", "ctime", "blksize", and "blocks". See "stat"
in perlfunc for details.
Each of these can take a number of targets, which will follow Number::Compare
semantics.
$rule->size( 7 ); # exactly 7
$rule->size( ">7Ki" ); # larger than 7 * 1024 * 1024 bytes
$rule->size( ">=7" )
->size( "<=90" ); # between 7 and 90, inclusive
$rule->size( 7, 9, 42 ); # 7, 9 or 42
"any( @rules )"
"or( @rules )"
Allows shortcircuiting boolean evaluation as an alternative to the default and-like
nature of combined rules. "any" and "or" are interchangeable.
# find avis, movs, things over 200M and empty files
$rule->any( File::Find::Rule->name( '*.avi', '*.mov' ),
File::Find::Rule->size( '>200M' ),
File::Find::Rule->file->empty,
);
"none( @rules )"
"not( @rules )"
Negates a rule. (The inverse of "any".) "none" and "not" are interchangeable.
# files that aren't 8.3 safe
$rule->file
->not( $rule->new->name( qr/^[^.]{1,8}(\.[^.]{0,3})?$/ ) );
"prune"
Traverse no further. This rule always matches.
"discard"
Don't keep this file. This rule always matches.
"exec( \&subroutine( $shortname, $path, $fullname ) )"
Allows user-defined rules. Your subroutine will be invoked with $_ set to the current
short name, and with parameters of the name, the path you're in, and the full relative
filename.
Return a true value if your rule matched.
# get things with long names
$rules->exec( sub { length > 20 } );
"grep( @specifiers )"
Opens a file and tests it each line at a time.
For each line it evaluates each of the specifiers, stopping at the first successful
match. A specifier may be a regular expression or a subroutine. The subroutine will
be invoked with the same parameters as an ->exec subroutine.
It is possible to provide a set of negative specifiers by enclosing them in anonymous
arrays. Should a negative specifier match the iteration is aborted and the clause is
failed. For example:
$rule->grep( qr/^#!.*\bperl/, [ sub { 1 } ] );
Is a passing clause if the first line of a file looks like a perl shebang line.
"maxdepth( $level )"
Descend at most $level (a non-negative integer) levels of directories below the
starting point.
May be invoked many times per rule, but only the most recent value is used.
"mindepth( $level )"
Do not apply any tests at levels less than $level (a non-negative integer).
"extras( \%extras )"
Specifies extra values to pass through to "File::File::find" as part of the options
hash.
For example this allows you to specify following of symlinks like so:
my $rule = File::Find::Rule->extras({ follow => 1 });
May be invoked many times per rule, but only the most recent value is used.
"relative"
Trim the leading portion of any path found
"not_*"
Negated version of the rule. An effective shortand related to ! in the procedural
interface.
$foo->not_name('*.pl');
$foo->not( $foo->new->name('*.pl' ) );
Query Methods
"in( @directories )"
Evaluates the rule, returns a list of paths to matching files and directories.
"start( @directories )"
Starts a find across the specified directories. Matching items may then be queried
using "match". This allows you to use a rule as an iterator.
my $rule = File::Find::Rule->file->name("*.jpeg")->start( "/web" );
while ( defined ( my $image = $rule->match ) ) {
...
}
"match"
Returns the next file which matches, false if there are no more.
Extensions
Extension modules are available from CPAN in the File::Find::Rule namespace. In order to
use these extensions either use them directly:
use File::Find::Rule::ImageSize;
use File::Find::Rule::MMagic;
# now your rules can use the clauses supplied by the ImageSize and
# MMagic extension
or, specify that File::Find::Rule should load them for you:
use File::Find::Rule qw( :ImageSize :MMagic );
For notes on implementing your own extensions, consult File::Find::Rule::Extending
Further examples
Finding perl scripts
my $finder = File::Find::Rule->or
(
File::Find::Rule->name( '*.pl' ),
File::Find::Rule->exec(
sub {
if (open my $fh, $_) {
my $shebang = <$fh>;
close $fh;
return $shebang =~ /^#!.*\bperl/;
}
return 0;
} ),
);
Based upon this message http://use.perl.org/comments.pl?sid=7052&cid=10842
ignore CVS directories
my $rule = File::Find::Rule->new;
$rule->or($rule->new
->directory
->name('CVS')
->prune
->discard,
$rule->new);
Note here the use of a null rule. Null rules match anything they see, so the effect
is to match (and discard) directories called 'CVS' or to match anything.
TWO FOR THE PRICE OF ONE
File::Find::Rule also gives you a procedural interface. This is documented in
File::Find::Rule::Procedural
EXPORTS
"find", "rule"
TAINT MODE INTERACTION
As of 0.32 File::Find::Rule doesn't capture the current working directory in a taint-
unsafe manner. File::Find itself still does operations that the taint system will flag as
insecure but you can use the "extras" feature to ask File::Find to internally "untaint"
file paths with a regex like so:
my $rule = File::Find::Rule->extras({ untaint => 1 });
Please consult File::Find's documentation for "untaint", "untaint_pattern", and
"untaint_skip" for more information.
BUGS
The code makes use of the "our" keyword and as such requires perl version 5.6.0 or newer.
Currently it isn't possible to remove a clause from a rule object. If this becomes a
significant issue it will be addressed.
AUTHOR
Richard Clamp <richardc AT unixbeard.net> with input gained from this use.perl discussion:
http://use.perl.org/~richardc/journal/6467
Additional proofreading and input provided by Kake, Greg McCarroll, and Andy Lester
andy AT petdance.com.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (C) 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011 Richard Clamp. All Rights Reserved.
This module is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same
terms as Perl itself.
SEE ALSO
File::Find, Text::Glob, Number::Compare, find(1)
If you want to know about the procedural interface, see File::Find::Rule::Procedural, and
if you have an idea for a neat extension File::Find::Rule::Extending
perl v5.16.3 2011-09-19 File::Find::Rule(3)
Generated by $Id: phpMan.php,v 4.55 2007/09/05 04:42:51 chedong Exp $ Author: Che Dong
On Apache
Under GNU General Public License
2024-04-24 18:53 @3.144.109.5 CrawledBy Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)