Crypt::SSLeay - phpMan

SSLeay(3) User Contributed Perl Documentation SSLeay(3)

NAME
Crypt::SSLeay - OpenSSL support for LWP

SYNOPSIS
lwp-request https://www.example.com

use LWP::UserAgent;
my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new;
my $response = $ua->get('https://www.example.com/');
print $response->content, "\n";

DESCRIPTION
This Perl module provides support for the HTTPS protocol under LWP, to allow an
"LWP::UserAgent" object to perform GET, HEAD and POST requests. Please see LWP for more
information on POST requests.

The "Crypt::SSLeay" package provides "Net::SSL", which is loaded by "LWP::Protocol::https"
for https requests and provides the necessary SSL glue.

This distribution also makes following deprecated modules available:

Crypt::SSLeay::CTX
Crypt::SSLeay::Conn
Crypt::SSLeay::X509

Work on Crypt::SSLeay has been continued only to provide https support for the LWP
(libwww-perl) libraries.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
The following environment variables change the way "Crypt::SSLeay" and "Net::SSL" behave.

Proxy Support
$ENV{HTTPS_PROXY} = 'http://proxy_hostname_or_ip:port';

Proxy Basic Authentication
$ENV{HTTPS_PROXY_USERNAME} = 'username';
$ENV{HTTPS_PROXY_PASSWORD} = 'password';

SSL diagnostics and Debugging
$ENV{HTTPS_DEBUG} = 1;

Default SSL Version
$ENV{HTTPS_VERSION} = '3';

Client Certificate Support
$ENV{HTTPS_CERT_FILE} = 'certs/notacacert.pem';
$ENV{HTTPS_KEY_FILE} = 'certs/notacakeynopass.pem';

CA cert Peer Verification
$ENV{HTTPS_CA_FILE} = 'certs/ca-bundle.crt';
$ENV{HTTPS_CA_DIR} = 'certs/';

Client PKCS12 cert support
$ENV{HTTPS_PKCS12_FILE} = 'certs/pkcs12.pkcs12';
$ENV{HTTPS_PKCS12_PASSWORD} = 'PKCS12_PASSWORD';

INSTALL
OpenSSL
You must have OpenSSL installed before compiling this module. You can get the latest
OpenSSL package from <http://www.openssl.org/>. We no longer support pre-2000 versions of
OpenSSL.

If you are building OpenSSL from source, please follow the directions included in the
package.

If you are going to use an OpenSSL library which you built from source or whose header and
library files are not in a place searched by your compiler by default, make sure you set
appropriate environment variables before trying to build "Crypt::SSLeay".

For example, if you are using ActiveState Perl and MinGW installed using ppm, and you
installed OpenSSL in "C:\opt\openssl-1.0.1c", then you would issue the following commands
to build "Crypt::SSLeay":

C:\...\> set LIBRARY_PATH=C:\opt\openssl-1.0.1c\lib;%LIBRARY_PATH%
C:\...\> set CPATH=C:\opt\openssl-1.0.1c\include;%CPATH%
C:\...\> perl Makefile.PL --live-tests
C:\...\> dmake test

On Linux/BSD/Solaris/GNU etc systems, you would use make rather than dmake, but you would
need to set the same variables if your OpenSSL library is in a custom location. If
everything builds OK, but you get failures when during tests, ensure that
"LD_LIBRARY_PATH" points to the location where the correct shared libraries are located.

If you are using a Microsoft compiler (keep in mind that perl and OpenSSL need to have
been built using the same compiler as well), you would use:

C:\...\> set LIB=C:\opt\openssl-1.0.1c\lib;%LIB%
C:\...\> set INCLUDE=C:\opt\openssl-1.0.1c\include;%INCLUDE%
C:\...\> perl Makefile.PL --live-tests
C:\...\> nmake test

Depending on your OS, pre-built OpenSSL packages may be available. You may need to install
a development version of your operating system's OpenSSL library package. The key is that
"Crypt::SSLeay" makes calls to the OpenSSL library, and how to do so is specified in the C
header files that come with the library. Some systems break out the header files into a
separate package from that of the libraries. Once the program has been built, you don't
need the headers any more.

Crypt::SSLeay
The latest Crypt::SSLeay can be found at your nearest CPAN, as well as
<http://search.cpan.org/dist/Crypt-SSLeay/>.

Once you have downloaded it, "Crypt::SSLeay" installs easily using the standard build
process:

perl Makefile.PL
make
make test
make install

On Windows systems, both Strawberry Perl and ActiveState (as a separate download via ppm)
projects include a MingW based compiler distribution and dmake which can be used to build
both OpenSSL and "Crypt::SSLeay". If you have such a set up, use dmake above.

Makefile.PL takes two optional arguments:

"--live-tests"
Boolean. Specifies whether we should try to connect to an HTTPS URL during testing.
Default is false.

To skip live tests, you can use

perl Makefile.PL --no-live-tests

and to force live tests, you can use

perl Makefile.PL --live-tests

"--static"
Boolean. Default is false. (TODO: Does it work?)

For unattended (batch) installations, to be absolutely certain that Makefile.PL does not
prompt for questions on STDIN, set the environment variable "PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT=1" as
with any CPAN module built using ExtUtils::MakeMaker.

Windows

"Crypt::SSLeay" builds correctly with Strawberry Perl and ActiveState Perl using the
bundled MinGW.

For ActiveState Perl users, the ActiveState company does not have a permit from the
Canadian Federal Government to distribute cryptographic software. This prevents
"Crypt::SSLeay" from being distributed as a PPM package from their repository.

See <http://docs.activestate.com/activeperl/5.16/faq/ActivePerl-faq2.html#crypto_packages>
for more information on this issue. You may be able to download a PPM for "Crypt::SSLeay"
from an alternative repository (see PPM::Repositories).

VMS

I do not have any experience with VMS. If OpenSSL headers and libraries are not in
standard locations searched by your build system by default, please set things up so that
they are. If you have generic instructions on how to do it, please open a ticket on RT
with the information so I can add it to this document.

PROXY SUPPORT
LWP::UserAgent and Crypt::SSLeay have their own versions of proxy support. Please read
these sections to see which one is appropriate.

LWP::UserAgent proxy support
"LWP::UserAgent" has its own methods of proxying which may work for you and is likely to
be incompatible with "Crypt::SSLeay" proxy support. To use "LWP::UserAgent" proxy
support, try something like:

my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new;
$ua->proxy([qw( https http )], "$proxy_ip:$proxy_port");

At the time of this writing, libwww v5.6 seems to proxy https requests fine with an Apache
mod_proxy server. It sends a line like:

GET https://www.example.com HTTP/1.1

to the proxy server, which is not the "CONNECT" request that some proxies would expect, so
this may not work with other proxy servers than mod_proxy. The "CONNECT" method is used by
"Crypt::SSLeay"'s internal proxy support.

Crypt::SSLeay proxy support
For native "Crypt::SSLeay" proxy support of https requests, you need to set the
environment variable "HTTPS_PROXY" to your proxy server and port, as in:

# proxy support
$ENV{HTTPS_PROXY} = 'http://proxy_hostname_or_ip:port';
$ENV{HTTPS_PROXY} = '127.0.0.1:8080';

Use of the "HTTPS_PROXY" environment variable in this way is similar to
"LWP::UserAgent-"env_proxy()> usage, but calling that method will likely override or break
the "Crypt::SSLeay" support, so do not mix the two.

Basic auth credentials to the proxy server can be provided this way:

# proxy_basic_auth
$ENV{HTTPS_PROXY_USERNAME} = 'username';
$ENV{HTTPS_PROXY_PASSWORD} = 'password';

For an example of LWP scripting with "Crypt::SSLeay" native proxy support, please look at
the eg/lwp-ssl-test script in the "Crypt::SSLeay" distribution.

CLIENT CERTIFICATE SUPPORT
Client certificates are supported. PEM encoded certificate and private key files may be
used like this:

$ENV{HTTPS_CERT_FILE} = 'certs/notacacert.pem';
$ENV{HTTPS_KEY_FILE} = 'certs/notacakeynopass.pem';

You may test your files with the eg/net-ssl-test program, bundled with the distribution,
by issuing a command like:

perl eg/net-ssl-test -cert=certs/notacacert.pem \
-key=certs/notacakeynopass.pem -d GET $HOST_NAME

Additionally, if you would like to tell the client where the CA file is, you may set
these.

$ENV{HTTPS_CA_FILE} = "some_file";
$ENV{HTTPS_CA_DIR} = "some_dir";

Note that, if specified, $ENV{HTTPS_CA_FILE} must point to the actual certificate file.
That is, $ENV{HTTPS_CA_DIR} is *not* the path were $ENV{HTTPS_CA_FILE} is located.

For certificates in $ENV{HTTPS_CA_DIR} to be picked up, follow the instructions on
<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations.html>

There is no sample CA cert file at this time for testing, but you may configure
eg/net-ssl-test to use your CA cert with the -CAfile option.

(TODO: then what is the ./certs directory in the distribution?)

Creating a test certificate
To create simple test certificates with OpenSSL, you may run the following command:

openssl req -config /usr/local/openssl/openssl.cnf \
-new -days 365 -newkey rsa:1024 -x509 \
-keyout notacakey.pem -out notacacert.pem

To remove the pass phrase from the key file, run:

openssl rsa -in notacakey.pem -out notacakeynopass.pem

PKCS12 support
The directives for enabling use of PKCS12 certificates is:

$ENV{HTTPS_PKCS12_FILE} = 'certs/pkcs12.pkcs12';
$ENV{HTTPS_PKCS12_PASSWORD} = 'PKCS12_PASSWORD';

Use of this type of certificate takes precedence over previous certificate settings
described.

(TODO: unclear? Meaning "the presence of this type of certificate"?)

SSL versions
"Crypt::SSLeay" tries very hard to connect to any SSL web server accomodating servers that
are buggy, old or simply not standards-compliant. To this effect, this module will try SSL
connections in this order:

SSL v23
should allow v2 and v3 servers to pick their best type

SSL v3
best connection type

SSL v2
old connection type

Unfortunately, some servers seem not to handle a reconnect to SSL v3 after a failed
connect of SSL v23 is tried, so you may set before using LWP or Net::SSL:

$ENV{HTTPS_VERSION} = 3;

to force a version 3 SSL connection first. At this time only a version 2 SSL connection
will be tried after this, as the connection attempt order remains unchanged by this
setting.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Many thanks to the following individuals who helped improve "Crypt-SSLeay":

Gisle Aas for writing this module and many others including libwww, for perl. The web will
never be the same :)

Ben Laurie deserves kudos for his excellent patches for better error handling, SSL
information inspection, and random seeding.

Dongqiang Bai for host name resolution fix when using a proxy.

Stuart Horner of Core Communications, Inc. who found the need for building "--shared"
OpenSSL libraries.

Pavel Hlavnicka for a patch for freeing memory when using a pkcs12 file, and for inspiring
more robust "read()" behavior.

James Woodyatt is a champ for finding a ridiculous memory leak that has been the bane of
many a Crypt::SSLeay user.

Bryan Hart for his patch adding proxy support, and thanks to Tobias Manthey for submitting
another approach.

Alex Rhomberg for Alpha linux ccc patch.

Tobias Manthey for his patches for client certificate support.

Daisuke Kuroda for adding PKCS12 certificate support.

Gamid Isayev for CA cert support and insights into error messaging.

Jeff Long for working through a tricky CA cert SSLClientVerify issue.

Chip Turner for a patch to build under perl 5.8.0.

Joshua Chamas for the time he spent maintaining the module.

Jeff Lavallee for help with alarms on read failures (CPAN bug #12444).

Guenter Knauf for significant improvements in configuring things in Win32 and Netware
lands and Jan Dubois for various suggestions for improvements.

and many others who provided bug reports, suggestions, fixes and patches.

SEE ALSO
Net::SSL
If you have downloaded this distribution as of a dependency of another distribution,
it's probably due to this module (which is included in this distribution).

Net::SSLeay
Net::SSLeay provides access to the OpenSSL API directly from Perl. See
<http://search.cpan.org/dist/Net-SSLeay/>.

OpenSSL binary packages for Windows
See <http://www.openssl.org/related/binaries.html>.

SUPPORT
For use of "Crypt::SSLeay" & "Net::SSL" with Perl's LWP, please send email to
"libwww AT perl.org".

For OpenSSL or general SSL support, including issues associated with building and
installing OpenSSL on your system, please email the OpenSSL users mailing list at
"openssl-users AT openssl.org". See <http://www.openssl.org/support/community.html> for other
mailing lists and archives.

Please report all bugs using rt.cpan.org <http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/Bugs.html?Dist=Crypt-
SSLeay>.

AUTHORS
This module was originally written by Gisle Aas, and was subsequently maintained by Joshua
Chamas, David Landgren, brian d foy and Sinan Unur.

LICENSE
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of
Artistic License 2.0 (see <http://www.perlfoundation.org/artistic_license_2_0>).

perl v5.16.3 2012-08-06 SSLeay(3)

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