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File: ses.info, Node: Top, Next: Sales Pitch, Prev: (dir), Up: (dir)
SES: Simple Emacs Spreadsheet
*****************************
SES is a major mode for GNU Emacs to edit spreadsheet files, which
contain a rectangular grid of cells. The cells' values are specified
by formulas that can refer to the values of other cells.
To report bugs, send email to <jyavner AT member.org>.
This file documents SES: the Simple Emacs Spreadsheet.
Copyright (C) 2002-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts
being "A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a)
below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
"GNU Free Documentation License."
(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have the freedom to copy and
modify this GNU manual."
* Menu:
* Sales Pitch:: Why use SES?
* The Basics:: Basic spreadsheet commands
* Advanced Features:: Want to know more?
* For Gurus:: Want to know _even more_?
* Index:: Concept, Function and Variable Index
* Acknowledgments:: Acknowledgments
* GNU Free Documentation License:: The license for this documentation.
File: ses.info, Node: Sales Pitch, Next: The Basics, Prev: Top, Up: Top
1 Sales Pitch
*************
* Create and edit simple spreadsheets with a minimum of fuss.
* Full undo/redo/autosave.
* Immune to viruses in spreadsheet files.
* Cell formulas are straight Emacs Lisp.
* Printer functions for control of cell appearance.
* Intuitive keystroke commands: C-o = insert row, M-o = insert
column, etc.
* "Spillover" of lengthy cell values into following blank cells.
* Header line shows column letters or a selected row.
* Completing-read for entering symbols as cell values.
* Cut, copy, and paste can transfer formulas and printer functions.
* Import and export of tab-separated values or tab-separated
formulas.
* Plaintext, easily-hacked file format.
File: ses.info, Node: The Basics, Next: Advanced Features, Prev: Sales Pitch, Up: Top
2 The Basics
************
To create a new spreadsheet, visit a nonexistent file whose name ends
with ".ses". For example, 'C-x C-f test.ses RET'.
A "cell identifier" is a symbol with a column letter and a row
number. Cell B7 is the 2nd column of the 7th row. For very wide
spreadsheets, there are two column letters: cell AB7 is the 28th column
of the 7th row. Super wide spreadsheets get AAA1, etc.
'j'
Moves point to cell, specified by identifier ('ses-jump').
Point is always at the left edge of a cell, or at the empty endline.
When mark is inactive, the current cell is underlined. When mark is
active, the range is the highlighted rectangle of cells (SES always uses
transient mark mode). Drag the mouse from A1 to A3 to create the range
A1-A2. Many SES commands operate only on single cells, not ranges.
'C-SPC'
'C-@'
Set mark at point ('set-mark-command').
'C-g'
Turn off the mark ('keyboard-quit').
'M-h'
Highlight current row ('ses-mark-row').
'S-M-h'
Highlight current column ('ses-mark-column').
'C-x h'
Highlight all cells ('mark-whole-buffer').
* Menu:
* Formulas::
* Resizing::
* Printer functions::
* Clearing cells::
* Copy/cut/paste::
* Customizing SES::
File: ses.info, Node: Formulas, Next: Resizing, Prev: The Basics, Up: The Basics
2.1 Cell formulas
=================
To enter a number into the current cell, just start typing:
'0..9'
Self-insert a digit ('ses-read-cell').
'-'
Self-insert a negative number ('ses-read-cell').
'.'
Self-insert a fractional number ('ses-read-cell').
'"'
Self-insert a quoted string. The ending double-quote is inserted
for you ('ses-read-cell').
'('
Self-insert an expression. The right-parenthesis is inserted for
you ('ses-read-cell'). To access another cell's value, just use
its identifier in your expression. Whenever the other cell is
changed, this cell's formula will be reevaluated. While typing in
the expression, you can use 'M-<TAB>' to complete symbol names.
'' (apostrophe)'
Enter a symbol (ses-read-symbol). SES remembers all symbols that
have been used as formulas, so you can type just the beginning of a
symbol and use '<SPC>', '<TAB>', and '?' to complete it.
To enter something else (e.g., a vector), begin with a digit, then
erase the digit and type whatever you want.
'RET'
Edit the existing formula in the current cell ('ses-edit-cell').
'C-c C-c'
Force recalculation of the current cell or range
('ses-recalculate-cell').
'C-c C-l'
Recalculate the entire spreadsheet ('ses-recalculate-all').
File: ses.info, Node: Resizing, Next: Printer functions, Prev: Formulas, Up: The Basics
2.2 Resizing the spreadsheet
============================
Basic commands:
'C-o'
('ses-insert-row')
'M-o'
('ses-insert-column')
'C-k'
('ses-delete-row')
'M-k'
('ses-delete-column')
'w'
('ses-set-column-width')
'TAB'
Moves point to the next rightward cell, or inserts a new column if
already at last cell on line, or inserts a new row if at endline
('ses-forward-or-insert').
'C-j'
Linefeed inserts below the current row and moves to column A
('ses-append-row-jump-first-column').
Resizing the spreadsheet (unless you're just changing a column width)
relocates all the cell-references in formulas so they still refer to the
same cells. If a formula mentioned B1 and you insert a new first row,
the formula will now mention B2.
If you delete a cell that a formula refers to, the cell-symbol is
deleted from the formula, so '(+ A1 B1 C1)' after deleting the third
column becomes '(+ A1 B1)'. In case this is not what you wanted:
'C-_'
'C-x u'
Undo previous action ('(undo)').
File: ses.info, Node: Printer functions, Next: Clearing cells, Prev: Resizing, Up: The Basics
2.3 Printer functions
=====================
Printer functions convert binary cell values into the print forms that
Emacs will display on the screen.
A printer can be a format string, like '"$%.2f"'. The result string
is right-aligned within the print cell. To get left-alignment, use
parentheses: '("$%.2f")'. A printer can also be a one-argument function
(a symbol or a lambda), whose result is a string (right-aligned) or list
of one string (left-aligned). While typing in a lambda, you can use
'M-<TAB>' to complete the names of symbols.
Each cell has a printer. If 'nil', the column-printer for the cell's
column is used. If that is also 'nil', the default-printer for the
spreadsheet is used.
'p'
Enter a printer for current cell or range
('ses-read-cell-printer').
'M-p'
Enter a printer for the current column ('ses-read-column-printer').
'C-c C-p'
Enter the default printer for the spreadsheet
('ses-read-default-printer').
The 'ses-read-XXX-printer' commands have their own minibuffer
history, which is preloaded with the set of all printers used in this
spreadsheet, plus the standard printers.
The standard printers are suitable only for cells, not columns or
default, because they format the value using the column-printer (or
default-printer if 'nil') and then center the result:
'ses-center'
Just centering.
'ses-center-span'
Centering with spill-over to following blank cells.
'ses-dashfill'
Centering using dashes (-) instead of spaces.
'ses-dashfill-span'
Centering with dashes and spill-over.
'ses-tildefill-span'
Centering with tildes (~) and spill-over.
File: ses.info, Node: Clearing cells, Next: Copy/cut/paste, Prev: Printer functions, Up: The Basics
2.4 Clearing cells
==================
These commands set both formula and printer to 'nil':
'DEL'
Clear cell and move left ('ses-clear-cell-backward').
'C-d'
Clear cell and move right ('ses-clear-cell-forward').
File: ses.info, Node: Copy/cut/paste, Next: Customizing SES, Prev: Clearing cells, Up: The Basics
2.5 Copy, cut, and paste
========================
The copy functions work on rectangular regions of cells. You can paste
the copies into non-SES buffers to export the print text.
'M-w'
'[copy]'
'[C-insert]'
Copy the highlighted cells to kill ring and primary clipboard
('kill-ring-save').
'[drag-mouse-1]'
Mark a region and copy it to kill ring and primary clipboard
('mouse-set-region').
'[M-drag-mouse-1]'
Mark a region and copy it to kill ring and secondary clipboard
('mouse-set-secondary').
'C-w'
'[cut]'
'[S-delete]'
The cut functions do not actually delete rows or columns--they copy
and then clear ('ses-kill-override').
'C-y'
'[S-insert]'
Paste from kill ring ('yank'). The paste functions behave
differently depending on the format of the text being inserted:
* When pasting cells that were cut from a SES buffer, the print
text is ignored and only the attached formula and printer are
inserted; cell references in the formula are relocated unless
you use 'C-u'.
* The pasted text overwrites a rectangle of cells whose top left
corner is the current cell. If part of the rectangle is
beyond the edges of the spreadsheet, you must confirm the
increase in spreadsheet size.
* Non-SES text is usually inserted as a replacement formula for
the current cell. If the formula would be a symbol, it's
treated as a string unless you use 'C-u'. Pasted formulas
with syntax errors are always treated as strings.
'[paste]'
Paste from primary clipboard or kill ring ('clipboard-yank').
'[mouse-2]'
Set point and paste from primary clipboard ('mouse-yank-at-click').
'[M-mouse-2]'
Set point and paste from secondary clipboard
('mouse-yank-secondary').
'M-y'
Immediately after a paste, you can replace the text with a
preceding element from the kill ring ('ses-yank-pop'). Unlike the
standard Emacs yank-pop, the SES version uses 'undo' to delete the
old yank. This doesn't make any difference?
File: ses.info, Node: Customizing SES, Prev: Copy/cut/paste, Up: The Basics
2.6 Customizing SES
===================
By default, a newly-created spreadsheet has 1 row and 1 column. The
column width is 7 and the default printer is '"%.7g"'. Each of these
can be customized. Look in group "ses".
After entering a cell value, point normally moves right to the next
cell. You can customize 'ses-after-entry-functions' to move left or up
or down. For diagonal movement, select two functions from the list.
'ses-mode-hook' is a normal mode hook (list of functions to execute
when starting SES mode for a buffer).
The variable 'safe-functions' is a list of possibly-unsafe functions
to be treated as safe when analyzing formulas and printers. *Note Virus
protection::. Before customizing 'safe-functions', think about how much
you trust the person who's suggesting this change. The value 't' turns
off all anti-virus protection. A list-of-functions value might enable a
"gee whiz" spreadsheet, but it also creates trapdoors in your anti-virus
armor. In order for virus protection to work, you must always press 'n'
when presented with a virus warning, unless you understand what the
questionable code is trying to do. Do not listen to those who tell you
to customize 'enable-local-eval'--this variable is for people who don't
wear safety belts!
File: ses.info, Node: Advanced Features, Next: For Gurus, Prev: The Basics, Up: Top
3 Advanced Features
*******************
'C-c M-C-h'
('ses-set-header-row'). The header line at the top of the SES
window normally shows the column letter for each column. You can
set it to show a copy of some row, such as a row of column titles,
so that row will always be visible. Default is to set the current
row as the header; use C-u to prompt for header row. Set the
header to row 0 to show column letters again.
'[header-line mouse-3]'
Pops up a menu to set the current row as the header, or revert to
column letters.
* Menu:
* The print area::
* Ranges in formulas::
* Sorting by column::
* Standard formula functions::
* More on cell printing::
* Import and export::
* Virus protection::
* Spreadsheets with details and summary::
File: ses.info, Node: The print area, Next: Ranges in formulas, Prev: Advanced Features, Up: Advanced Features
3.1 The print area
==================
A SES file consists of a print area and a data area. Normally the
buffer is narrowed to show only the print area. The print area is
read-only except for special SES commands; it contains cell values
formatted by printer functions. The data area records the formula and
printer functions, etc.
'C-x n w'
Show print and data areas ('widen').
'C-c C-n'
Show only print area ('ses-renarrow-buffer').
'S-C-l'
'M-C-l'
Recreate print area by reevaluating printer functions for all cells
('ses-reprint-all').
File: ses.info, Node: Ranges in formulas, Next: Sorting by column, Prev: The print area, Up: Advanced Features
3.2 Ranges in formulas
======================
A formula like
(+ A1 A2 A3)
is the sum of three specific cells. If you insert a new second row,
the formula becomes
(+ A1 A3 A4)
and the new row is not included in the sum.
The macro '(ses-range FROM TO)' evaluates to a list of the values in
a rectangle of cells. If your formula is
(apply '+ (ses-range A1 A3))
and you insert a new second row, it becomes
(apply '+ (ses-range A1 A4))
and the new row is included in the sum.
While entering or editing a formula in the minibuffer, you can select
a range in the spreadsheet (using mouse or keyboard), then paste a
representation of that range into your formula. Suppose you select
A1-C1:
'[S-mouse-3]'
Inserts "A1 B1 C1" '(ses-insert-range-click')
'C-c C-r'
Keyboard version ('ses-insert-range').
'[C-S-mouse-3]'
Inserts "(ses-range A1 C1)" ('ses-insert-ses-range-click').
'C-c C-s'
Keyboard version ('ses-insert-ses-range').
If you delete the FROM or TO cell for a range, the nearest
still-existing cell is used instead. If you delete the entire range,
the formula relocator will delete the ses-range from the formula.
If you insert a new row just beyond the end of a one-column range, or
a new column just beyond a one-row range, the new cell is included in
the range. New cells inserted just before a range are not included.
File: ses.info, Node: Sorting by column, Next: Standard formula functions, Prev: Ranges in formulas, Up: Advanced Features
3.3 Sorting by column
=====================
'C-c M-C-s'
Sort the cells of a range using one of the columns
('ses-sort-column'). The rows (or partial rows if the range
doesn't include all columns) are rearranged so the chosen column
will be in order.
'[header-line mouse-2]'
The easiest way to sort is to click mouse-2 on the chosen column's
header row ('ses-sort-column-click').
The sort comparison uses 'string<', which works well for
right-justified numbers and left-justified strings.
With prefix arg, sort is in descending order.
Rows are moved one at a time, with relocation of formulas. This
works well if formulas refer to other cells in their row, not so well
for formulas that refer to other rows in the range or to cells outside
the range.
File: ses.info, Node: Standard formula functions, Next: More on cell printing, Prev: Sorting by column, Up: Advanced Features
3.4 Standard formula functions
==============================
Oftentimes you want a calculation to exclude the blank cells. Here are
some useful functions to call from your formulas:
'(ses-delete-blanks &rest ARGS)'
Returns a list from which all blank cells (value is either 'nil' or
'*skip*) have been deleted.
'(ses+ &rest ARGS)'
Sum of non-blank arguments.
'(ses-average LIST)'
Average of non-blank elements in LIST. Here the list is passed as
a single argument, since you'll probably use it with 'ses-range'.
File: ses.info, Node: More on cell printing, Next: Import and export, Prev: Standard formula functions, Up: Advanced Features
3.5 More on cell printing
=========================
Special cell values:
* nil prints the same as "", but allows previous cell to spill over.
* '*skip* replaces nil when the previous cell actually does spill
over; nothing is printed for it.
* '*error* indicates that the formula signaled an error instead of
producing a value: the print cell is filled with hash marks (#).
If the result from the printer function is too wide for the cell and
the following cell is 'nil', the result will spill over into the
following cell. Very wide results can spill over several cells. If the
result is too wide for the available space (up to the end of the row or
the next non-'nil' cell), the result is truncated if the cell's value is
a string, or replaced with hash marks otherwise.
SES could get confused by printer results that contain newlines or
tabs, so these are replaced with question marks.
't'
Confine a cell to its own column ('ses-truncate-cell'). This
allows you to move point to a rightward cell that would otherwise
be covered by a spill-over. If you don't change the rightward
cell, the confined cell will spill over again the next time it is
reprinted.
'c'
When applied to a single cell, this command displays in the echo
area any formula error or printer error that occurred during
recalculation/reprinting ('ses-recalculate-cell'). You can use
this to undo the effect of 't'.
When a printer function signals an error, the fallback printer '"%s"'
is substituted. This is useful when your column printer is numeric-only
and you use a string as a cell value. Note that the standard default
printer is "%.7g" which is numeric-only, so cells that are empty of
contain strings will use the fallback printer. 'c' on such cells will
display "Format specifier doesn't match argument type".
File: ses.info, Node: Import and export, Next: Virus protection, Prev: More on cell printing, Up: Advanced Features
3.6 Import and export
=====================
'x t'
Export a range of cells as tab-separated values ('ses-export-tsv').
'x T'
Export a range of cells as tab-separated formulas
('ses-export-tsf').
The exported text goes to the kill ring; you can paste it into
another buffer. Columns are separated by tabs, rows by newlines.
To import text, use any of the yank commands where the text to paste
contains tabs and/or newlines. Imported formulas are not relocated.
File: ses.info, Node: Virus protection, Next: Spreadsheets with details and summary, Prev: Import and export, Up: Advanced Features
3.7 Virus protection
====================
Whenever a formula or printer is read from a file or is pasted into the
spreadsheet, it receives a "needs safety check" marking. Later, when
the formula or printer is evaluated for the first time, it is checked
for safety using the 'unsafep' predicate; if found to be "possibly
unsafe", the questionable formula or printer is displayed and you must
press Y to approve it or N to use a substitute. The substitute always
signals an error.
Formulas or printers that you type in are checked immediately for
safety. If found to be possibly unsafe and you press N to disapprove,
the action is canceled and the old formula or printer will remain.
Besides viruses (which try to copy themselves to other files),
'unsafep' can also detect all other kinds of Trojan horses, such as
spreadsheets that delete files, send email, flood Web sites, alter your
Emacs settings, etc.
Generally, spreadsheet formulas and printers are simple things that
don't need to do any fancy computing, so all potentially-dangerous parts
of the Emacs Lisp environment can be excluded without cramping your
style as a formula-writer. See the documentation in 'unsafep.el' for
more info on how Lisp forms are classified as safe or unsafe.
File: ses.info, Node: Spreadsheets with details and summary, Prev: Virus protection, Up: Advanced Features
3.8 Spreadsheets with details and summary
=========================================
A common organization for spreadsheets is to have a bunch of "detail"
rows, each perhaps describing a transaction, and then a set of "summary"
rows that each show reduced data for some subset of the details. SES
supports this organization via the 'ses-select' function.
'(ses-select FROMRANGE TEST TORANGE)'
Returns a subset of TORANGE. For each member in FROMRANGE that is
equal to TEST, the corresponding member of TORANGE is included in
the result.
Example of use:
(ses-average (ses-select (ses-range A1 A5) 'Smith (ses-range B1 B5)))
This computes the average of the B column values for those rows whose
A column value is the symbol 'Smith.
Arguably one could specify only FROMRANGE plus TO-ROW-OFFSET and
TO-COLUMN-OFFSET. The TORANGE is stated explicitly to ensure that the
formula will be recalculated if any cell in either range is changed.
File 'etc/ses-example.el' in the Emacs distribution is an example of
a details-and-summary spreadsheet.
File: ses.info, Node: For Gurus, Next: Index, Prev: Advanced Features, Up: Top
4 For Gurus
***********
* Menu:
* Deferred updates::
* Nonrelocatable references::
* The data area::
* Buffer-local variables in spreadsheets::
* Uses of defadvice in SES::
File: ses.info, Node: Deferred updates, Next: Nonrelocatable references, Prev: For Gurus, Up: For Gurus
4.1 Deferred updates
====================
To save time by avoiding redundant computations, cells that need
recalculation due to changes in other cells are added to a set. At the
end of the command, each cell in the set is recalculated once. This can
create a new set of cells that need recalculation. The process is
repeated until either the set is empty or it stops changing (due to
circular references among the cells). In extreme cases, you might see
progress messages of the form "Recalculating... (NNN cells left)". If
you interrupt the calculation using 'C-g', the spreadsheet will be left
in an inconsistent state, so use 'C-_' or 'C-c C-l' to fix it.
To save even more time by avoiding redundant writes, cells that have
changes are added to a set instead of being written immediately to the
data area. Each cell in the set is written once, at the end of the
command. If you change vast quantities of cells, you might see a
progress message of the form "Writing... (NNN cells left)". These
deferred cell-writes cannot be interrupted by 'C-g', so you'll just have
to wait.
SES uses 'run-with-idle-timer' to move the cell underline when Emacs
will be scrolling the buffer after the end of a command, and also to
narrow and underline after 'C-x C-v'. This is visible as a momentary
glitch after C-x C-v and certain scrolling commands. You can type ahead
without worrying about the glitch.
File: ses.info, Node: Nonrelocatable references, Next: The data area, Prev: Deferred updates, Up: For Gurus
4.2 Nonrelocatable references
=============================
'C-y' relocates all cell-references in a pasted formula, while 'C-u C-y'
relocates none of the cell-references. What about mixed cases?
You can use
(symbol-value 'B3)
to make an "absolute reference". The formula relocator skips over
quoted things, so this will not be relocated when pasted or when
rows/columns are inserted/deleted. However, B3 will not be recorded as
a dependency of this cell, so this cell will not be updated
automatically when B3 is changed.
The variables 'row' and 'col' are dynamically bound while a cell
formula is being evaluated. You can use
(ses-cell-value row 0)
to get the value from the leftmost column in the current row. This
kind of dependency is also not recorded.
File: ses.info, Node: The data area, Next: Buffer-local variables in spreadsheets, Prev: Nonrelocatable references, Up: For Gurus
4.3 The data area
=================
Begins with an 014 character, followed by sets of cell-definition macros
for each row, followed by column-widths, column-printers,
default-printer, and header-row. Then there's the global parameters
(file-format ID, numrows, numcols) and the local variables (specifying
SES mode for the buffer, etc.).
When a SES file is loaded, first the numrows and numcols values are
loaded, then the entire data area is 'eval'ed, and finally the local
variables are processed.
You can edit the data area, but don't insert or delete any newlines
except in the local-variables part, since SES locates things by counting
newlines. Use 'C-x C-e' at the end of a line to install your edits into
the spreadsheet data structures (this does not update the print area,
use, e.g., 'C-c C-l' for that).
The data area is maintained as an image of spreadsheet data
structures that area stored in buffer-local variables. If the data area
gets messed up, you can try reconstructing the data area from the data
structures:
'C-c M-C-l'
('ses-reconstruct-all').
File: ses.info, Node: Buffer-local variables in spreadsheets, Next: Uses of defadvice in SES, Prev: The data area, Up: For Gurus
4.4 Buffer-local variables in spreadsheets
==========================================
You can add additional local variables to the list at the bottom of the
data area, such as hidden constants you want to refer to in your
formulas.
You can override the variable 'ses--symbolic-formulas' to be a list
of symbols (as parenthesized strings) to show as completions for the '
command. This initial completions list is used instead of the actual
set of symbols-as-formulas in the spreadsheet.
For an example of this, see file 'etc/ses-example.ses'.
If (for some reason) you want your formulas or printers to save data
into variables, you must declare these variables as buffer-locals in
order to avoid a virus warning.
You can define functions by making them values for the fake local
variable 'eval'. Such functions can then be used in your formulas and
printers, but usually each 'eval' is presented to the user during file
loading as a potential virus. This can get annoying.
You can define functions in your '.emacs' file. Other people can
still read the print area of your spreadsheet, but they won't be able to
recalculate or reprint anything that depends on your functions. To
avoid virus warnings, each function used in a formula needs
(put 'your-function-name 'safe-function t)
File: ses.info, Node: Uses of defadvice in SES, Prev: Buffer-local variables in spreadsheets, Up: For Gurus
4.5 Uses of defadvice in SES
============================
'undo-more'
Defines a new undo element format (FUN . ARGS), which means "undo
by applying FUN to ARGS". For spreadsheet buffers, it allows undos
in the data area even though that's outside the narrowing.
'copy-region-as-kill'
When copying from the print area of a spreadsheet, treat the region
as a rectangle and attach each cell's formula and printer as 'ses
properties.
'yank'
When yanking into the print area of a spreadsheet, first try to
yank as cells (if the yank text has 'ses properties), then as
tab-separated formulas, then (if all else fails) as a single
formula for the current cell.
File: ses.info, Node: Index, Next: Acknowledgments, Prev: For Gurus, Up: Top
Index
*****
[index]
* Menu:
* *error*: Standard formula functions.
(line 6)
* *skip*: Standard formula functions.
(line 6)
* advanced features: Advanced Features. (line 6)
* advanced features <1>: For Gurus. (line 6)
* basic commands: The Basics. (line 6)
* buffer-local variables: Buffer-local variables in spreadsheets.
(line 6)
* cell printing, more: More on cell printing. (line 6)
* clearing commands: Clearing cells. (line 6)
* clipboard-yank: Copy/cut/paste. (line 6)
* copy: Copy/cut/paste. (line 6)
* copy-region-as-kill: Uses of defadvice in SES.
(line 6)
* customizing: Customizing SES. (line 6)
* cut: Copy/cut/paste. (line 6)
* data area: The data area. (line 6)
* defadvice: Uses of defadvice in SES.
(line 6)
* deferred updates: Deferred updates. (line 6)
* details and summary: Spreadsheets with details and summary.
(line 6)
* enable-local-eval: Customizing SES. (line 6)
* enable-local-eval <1>: Customizing SES. (line 6)
* export, and import: Import and export. (line 6)
* features: Sales Pitch. (line 6)
* formulas: Formulas. (line 6)
* formulas, entering: Formulas. (line 6)
* from: Ranges in formulas. (line 6)
* import and export: Import and export. (line 6)
* keyboard-quit: The Basics. (line 6)
* kill-ring-save: Copy/cut/paste. (line 6)
* mouse-set-region: Copy/cut/paste. (line 6)
* mouse-set-secondary: Copy/cut/paste. (line 6)
* mouse-yank-at-click: Copy/cut/paste. (line 6)
* mouse-yank-at-secondary: Copy/cut/paste. (line 6)
* nonrelocatable references: Nonrelocatable references.
(line 6)
* paste: Copy/cut/paste. (line 6)
* print area: The print area. (line 6)
* printer functions: Printer functions. (line 6)
* ranges: Ranges in formulas. (line 6)
* references, nonrelocatable: Nonrelocatable references.
(line 6)
* resizing spreadsheets: Resizing. (line 6)
* run-with-idle-timer: Deferred updates. (line 6)
* safe-functions: Customizing SES. (line 6)
* ses+: Standard formula functions.
(line 6)
* ses-append-row-jump-first-column: Resizing. (line 6)
* ses-average: Standard formula functions.
(line 6)
* ses-center: Printer functions. (line 6)
* ses-center-span: Printer functions. (line 6)
* ses-clear-cell-backward: Clearing cells. (line 6)
* ses-clear-cell-forward: Clearing cells. (line 6)
* ses-dashfill: Printer functions. (line 6)
* ses-dashfill-span: Printer functions. (line 6)
* ses-delete-blanks: Standard formula functions.
(line 6)
* ses-delete-column: Resizing. (line 6)
* ses-delete-row: Resizing. (line 6)
* ses-edit-cell: Formulas. (line 6)
* ses-export-tsf: Import and export. (line 6)
* ses-export-tsv: Import and export. (line 6)
* ses-forward-or-insert: Resizing. (line 6)
* ses-insert-column: Resizing. (line 6)
* ses-insert-range: Ranges in formulas. (line 6)
* ses-insert-range-click: Ranges in formulas. (line 6)
* ses-insert-row: Resizing. (line 6)
* ses-insert-ses-range: Ranges in formulas. (line 6)
* ses-insert-ses-range-click: Ranges in formulas. (line 6)
* ses-jump: The Basics. (line 6)
* ses-kill-override: Copy/cut/paste. (line 6)
* ses-mark-column: The Basics. (line 6)
* ses-mark-row: The Basics. (line 6)
* ses-mark-whole-buffer: The Basics. (line 6)
* ses-mode-hook: Customizing SES. (line 6)
* ses-read-cell: Formulas. (line 6)
* ses-read-cell-printer: Printer functions. (line 6)
* ses-read-column-printer: Printer functions. (line 6)
* ses-read-default-printer: Printer functions. (line 6)
* ses-read-header-row: Advanced Features. (line 6)
* ses-read-symbol: Formulas. (line 6)
* ses-recalculate-all: Formulas. (line 6)
* ses-recalculate-cell: Formulas. (line 6)
* ses-recalculate-cell <1>: More on cell printing. (line 6)
* ses-reconstruct-all: The data area. (line 6)
* ses-renarrow-buffer: The print area. (line 6)
* ses-reprint-all: The print area. (line 6)
* ses-set-column-width: Resizing. (line 6)
* ses-sort-column: Sorting by column. (line 6)
* ses-sort-column-click: Sorting by column. (line 6)
* ses-tildefill-span: Printer functions. (line 6)
* ses-truncate-cell: More on cell printing. (line 6)
* ses-yank-pop: Copy/cut/paste. (line 6)
* set-mark-command: The Basics. (line 6)
* sorting: Sorting by column. (line 6)
* standard formula functions: Standard formula functions.
(line 6)
* summary, and details: Spreadsheets with details and summary.
(line 6)
* to: Ranges in formulas. (line 6)
* undo-more: Uses of defadvice in SES.
(line 6)
* updates, deferred: Deferred updates. (line 6)
* variables, buffer-local: Buffer-local variables in spreadsheets.
(line 6)
* virus protection: Virus protection. (line 6)
* widen: The print area. (line 6)
* yank: Copy/cut/paste. (line 6)
* yank <1>: Uses of defadvice in SES.
(line 6)
File: ses.info, Node: Acknowledgments, Next: GNU Free Documentation License, Prev: Index, Up: Top
5 Acknowledgments
*****************
Coding by:
Jonathan Yavner <jyavner AT member.org>
Stefan Monnier <monnier AT gnu.org>
Shigeru Fukaya <shigeru.fukaya AT gmail.com>
Texinfo manual by:
Jonathan Yavner <jyavner AT member.org>
Brad Collins <brad AT chenla.org>
Ideas from:
Christoph Conrad <christoph.conrad AT gmx.de>
CyberBob <cyberbob AT redneck.org>
Syver Enstad <syver-en AT online.no>
Ami Fischman <fischman AT zion.com>
Thomas Gehrlein <Thomas.Gehrlein AT t-online.de>
Chris F.A. Johnson <c.f.a.johnson AT rogers.com>
Yusong Li <lyusong AT hotmail.com>
Juri Linkov <juri AT jurta.org>
Harald Maier <maierh AT myself.com>
Alan Nash <anash AT san.com>
François Pinard <pinard AT iro.ca>
Pedro Pinto <ppinto AT cs.edu>
Stefan Reichör <xsteve AT riic.at>
Oliver Scholz <epameinondas AT gmx.de>
Richard M. Stallman <rms AT gnu.org>
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm AT dms.edu>
J. Otto Tennant <jotto AT pobox.com>
Jean-Philippe Theberge <jphil AT acs.fr>
File: ses.info, Node: GNU Free Documentation License, Prev: Acknowledgments, Up: Top
Appendix A GNU Free Documentation License
*****************************************
Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
<http://fsf.org/>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
0. PREAMBLE
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
with or without modifying it, either commercially or
noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the
author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not
being considered responsible for modifications made by others.
This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.
It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
license designed for free software.
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
free software, because free software needs free documentation: a
free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms
that the software does. But this License is not limited to
software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless
of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We
recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is
instruction or reference.
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium,
that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can
be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice
grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration,
to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The
"Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member
of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept
the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way
requiring permission under copyright law.
A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
modifications and/or translated into another language.
A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section
of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could
fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document
is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not
explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of
historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or
of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position
regarding them.
The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose
titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the
notice that says that the Document is released under this License.
If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it
is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may
contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify
any Invariant Sections then there are none.
The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are
listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice
that says that the Document is released under this License. A
Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may
be at most 25 words.
A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
represented in a format whose specification is available to the
general public, that is suitable for revising the document
straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed
of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely
available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text
formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats
suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise
Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has
been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by
readers is not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if
used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is not
"Transparent" is called "Opaque".
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format,
SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming
simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification.
Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG.
Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and
edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which
the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and
the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
processors for output purposes only.
The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the
material this License requires to appear in the title page. For
works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title
Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the
work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
The "publisher" means any person or entity that distributes copies
of the Document to the public.
A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document
whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses
following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ
stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as
"Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".)
To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the
Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according
to this definition.
The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice
which states that this License applies to the Document. These
Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in
this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and
has no effect on the meaning of this License.
2. VERBATIM COPYING
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License
applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you
add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You
may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading
or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However,
you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you
distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the
conditions in section 3.
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above,
and you may publicly display copies.
3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly
have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and
the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must
enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all
these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and
Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly
and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The
front cover must present the full title with all words of the title
equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the
covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as
long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these
conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto
adjacent pages.
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document
numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable
Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with
each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general
network-using public has access to download using public-standard
network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free
of added material. If you use the latter option, you must take
reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque
copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will
remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or
through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of
the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies,
to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the
Document.
4. MODIFICATIONS
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document
under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you
release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the
Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing
distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever
possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in
the Modified Version:
A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title
distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous
versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the
History section of the Document). You may use the same title
as a previous version if the original publisher of that
version gives permission.
B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or
entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in
the Modified Version, together with at least five of the
principal authors of the Document (all of its principal
authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you
from this requirement.
C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
Modified Version, as the publisher.
D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
adjacent to the other copyright notices.
F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license
notice giving the public permission to use the Modified
Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in
the Addendum below.
G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's
license notice.
H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title,
and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new
authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the
Title Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in the
Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and
publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add
an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the
previous sentence.
J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document
for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and
likewise the network locations given in the Document for
previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the
"History" section. You may omit a network location for a work
that was published at least four years before the Document
itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers
to gives permission.
K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section
all the substance and tone of each of the contributor
acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered
in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the
equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section
may not be included in the Modified Version.
N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
"Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant
Section.
O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no
material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate
some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their
titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's
license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other
section titles.
You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text
has been approved by an organization as the authoritative
definition of a standard.
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text,
and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of
the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage
of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document
already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added
by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on
behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old
one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added
the old one.
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this
License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to
assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
You may combine the Document with other documents released under
this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for
modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all
of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,
unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all
their Warranty Disclaimers.
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name
but different contents, make the title of each such section unique
by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the
original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a
unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in
the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the
combined work.
In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled
"History" in the various original documents, forming one section
Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled
"Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You
must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements."
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
documents released under this License, and replace the individual
copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy
that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the
rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents
in all other respects.
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert
a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
document.
7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a
storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the
copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the
legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual
works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this
License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which
are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half
of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed
on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic
form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket
the whole aggregate.
8. TRANSLATION
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section
4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also
include the original English version of this License and the
original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a
disagreement between the translation and the original version of
this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will
prevail.
If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
"Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to
Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the
actual title.
9. TERMINATION
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void,
and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the
copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some
reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from
that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days
after your receipt of the notice.
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate
the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you
under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not
permanently reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the
same material does not give you any rights to use it.
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of
the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
<http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/>.
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version
number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered
version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you
have the option of following the terms and conditions either of
that specified version or of any later version that has been
published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the
Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may
choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free
Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy can
decide which future versions of this License can be used, that
proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently
authorizes you to choose that version for the Document.
11. RELICENSING
"Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any
World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A
public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server.
A "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration" (or "MMC") contained in the
site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC
site.
"CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
published by that same organization.
"Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or
in part, as part of another Document.
An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this
License, and if all works that were first published under this
License somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently
incorporated in whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover
texts or invariant sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior
to November 1, 2008.
The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the
site under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1,
2009, provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
====================================================
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and license
notices just after the title page:
Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
Free Documentation License''.
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover
Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this:
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with
the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts
being LIST.
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
situation.
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit
their use in free software.
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